Impact of surface topography and coating on osteogenesis and bacterial attachment on titanium implants

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) plays a predominant role as the material of choice in orthopaedic and dental implants. Despite the majority of Ti implants having long-term success, premature failure due to unsuccessful osseointegration leading to aseptic loosening is still too common. Recently, surface topography modification and biological/non-biological coatings have been integrated into orthopaedic/dental implants in order to mimic the surrounding biological environment as well as reduce the inflammation/infection that may occur. In this review, we summarize the impact of various Ti coatings on cell behaviour both in vivo and in vitro. First, we focus on the Ti surface properties and their effects on osteogenesis and then on bacterial adhesion and viability. We conclude from the current literature that surface modification of Ti implants can be generated that offer both osteoinductive and antimicrobial properties.

<p>Functionalized Graphene Nanoparticles Induce Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Express Distinct Extracellular Matrix Proteins Mediating Osteogenesis</p>

“…55,56 The results of the studies reported herein demonstrate that osteogenesis may be partially due to the rough topography of LOG nanoparticles, further supported by published studies. [57][58][59][60][61][62]…”

Antibacterial effects of nanopillar surfaces are mediated by cell impedance, penetration and induction of oxidative stress

“…The unique bactericidal properties of cicada and dragonfly wings have drawn significant research interest [7][8][9][10] , as the physical nature of bacterial killing could provide an effective strategy to prevent biofilm formation, and infection of indwelling and implantable devices, while negating the current need to use materials impregnated with antibiotics. To date, a wide range of nanofabrication techniques have been utilised to generate bactericidal nanotopographies on synthetic materials, including black silicon (bSi) 2 , titanium 11 , titanium alloy 12 and polymers 13 .…”

Platelet Adhesion on Commercially Pure Titanium Plates in Vitro II. Immunofluorescence Visualization of PDGF-B, TGFβ1, and PPARγ Released from Activated Adherent Platelets

“…In the past two decades, many efforts, mainly on the industrial side, have been made to overcome this possible shortcoming and improve bio-integration, especially osseointegration. For example, the titanium surface has been modified micro-topographically or chemically by etching, blasting, ultraviolet (UV) ray irradiation, atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) treatment, and many other methods [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Furthermore, hybridization techniques with other materials, such as calcium phosphates, were recently introduced to improve the bio-affinity of implants to bone.…”