Impact of rye-based evening meals on cognitive functions, mood and cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled study in healthy middle-aged subjects

Sandberg, Jonna; Björck, Inger; Nilsson, Anne

doi:10.1186/s12937-018-0412-4

Cited by 23 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…commonly in both human trials and animal studies involving oat and rye DF supplementation. [9,42] The protective effects of SCFAs on the intestinal epithelial cells are well established and their increased synthesis in the presence of DF was observed in our study and in previous reports. [18,43,44] We postulate that a low-fiber WD potentially led to increased activity to produce and thus to increase serum 5-HT levels, and decrease alternative (protective) pathways for TRP metabolism, possibly via mechanisms involving SCFAs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…[3][4][5] Human interventions and observational studies suggest that a fiber-rich diet is linked to lower body weight, improved insulin sensitivity and glucose responses, and reduced blood cholesterol. [6][7][8][9][10] DF can modulate cholesterol metabolism. [11,12] Furthermore, whole-grain fiber-rich diets induce clinical improvements related to bile acid (BA) metabolism and synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Fiber from Oat and Rye Brans Ameliorate Western Diet–Induced Body Weight Gain and Hepatic Inflammation by the Modulation of Short‐Chain Fatty Acids, Bile Acids, and Tryptophan Metabolism

Kundi

Lee

Pihlajamäki

et al. 2020

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope: Dietary fiber (DF) induces changes in gut microbiota function and thus modulates the gut environment. How this modulation is associated with metabolic pathways related to the gut is largely unclear. This study aims to investigate differences in metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and their interactions with host metabolism in response to supplementation with two bran fibers. Methods and Results: Male C57BL/6N mice are fed a western diet (WD) for 17 weeks. Two groups of mice received a diet enriched with 10% w/w of either oat or rye bran, with each bran containing 50% DF. Microbial metabolites are assessed by measuring cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), ileal and fecal bile acids (BAs), and the expression of genes related to tryptophan (TRP) metabolism. Both brans lowered body weight gain and ameliorated WD-induced impaired glucose responses, hepatic inflammation, liver enzymes, and gut integrity markers associated with SCFA production, altered BA metabolism, and TRP diversion from the serotonin synthesis pathway to microbial indole production. Conclusions: Both brans develop a favorable environment in the gut by altering the composition of microbes and modulating produced metabolites. Changes induced in the gut environment by a fiber-enriched diet may explain the amelioration of metabolic disturbances related to WD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fiber from Oat and Rye Brans Ameliorate Western Diet–Induced Body Weight Gain and Hepatic Inflammation by the Modulation of Short‐Chain Fatty Acids, Bile Acids, and Tryptophan Metabolism

Kundi

Lee

Pihlajamäki

et al. 2020

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…Supplementation with high amylose-resistant starch has been shown to reduce body fat, increase levels of acetate, early-phase insulin, and glucagon-like peptide- (GLP-) 1, and increase the number of gut microbes that produced acetate in volunteers with normal body weight [ 53 ]. Rye-based bread supplemented with resistant starch type 2 increased insulin sensitivity, fasting levels of peptide YY (PYY), GLP-2, acetate, butyrate, and total SCFAs in healthy middle-aged individuals [ 54 ]. Furthermore, administration of dietary fiber in T2DM patients enhanced a group of SCFA producers and improved glycated hemoglobin levels, partly via increased GLP-1 production, which resulted in T2DM alleviation [ 13 ].…”

Section: Beneficial Effects Of Scfas On Energy and Glucose Homeostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Potential Therapy Method for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Tang

2021

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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In recent years, the relationship between intestinal microbiota (IM) and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has attracted much attention. The beneficial effects of IM on the metabolic phenotype of the host are often considered to be mediated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate, the small-molecule metabolites derived from microbial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates. SCFAs not only have an essential role in intestinal health but might also enter the systemic circulation as signaling molecules affecting the host’s metabolism. In this review, we summarize the effects of SCFAs on glucose homeostasis and energy homeostasis and the mechanism through which SCFAs regulate the function of metabolically active organs (brain, liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and pancreas) and discuss the potential role of modulation of SCFAs as a therapeutic method for T2DM.

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“…On the other hand, a short-term (three days) intervention with ryebased bread did not change working memory and attention. 97 By reviewing the available literature, a gap in studies investigating the impact of dietary fiber on cognition was identified. Most studies to date focus on mental health (particularly depression) in relation to dietary fiber intake.…”

Section: Evidence From Interventional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, a short-term (three days) intervention with rye-based bread did not change working memory and attention. 97…”

Section: Dietary Fiber and Cognition: What Do We Know?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Going with the grain: Fiber, cognition, and the microbiota-gut-brain-axis

Berding

Carbia

Cryan

2021

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Healthy dietary intake has been acknowledged for decades as one of the main contributors to health. More recently, the field of nutritional psychiatry has progressed our understanding regarding the importance of nutrition in supporting mental health and cognitive function. Thereby, individual nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols, have been recognized to be key drivers in this relationship. With the progress in appreciating the influence of dietary fiber on health, increasingly research is focusing on deciphering its role in brain processes. However, while the importance of dietary fiber in gastrointestinal and metabolic health is well established, leading to the development of associated health claims, the evidence is not conclusive enough to support similar claims regarding cognitive function. Albeit the increasing knowledge of the impact of dietary fiber on mental health, only a few human studies have begun to shed light onto the underexplored connection between dietary fiber and cognition. Moreover, the microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as a key conduit for the effects of nutrition on the brain, especially fibers, that are acted on by specific bacteria to produce a variety of health-promoting metabolites. These metabolites (including short chain fatty acids) as well as the vagus nerve, the immune system, gut hormones, or the kynurenine pathway have been proposed as underlying mechanisms of the microbiota-brain crosstalk. In this minireview, we summarize the evidence available from human studies on the association between dietary fiber intake and cognitive function. We provide an overview of potential underlying mechanisms and discuss remaining questions that need to be answered in future studies. While this field is moving at a fast pace and holds promise for future important discoveries, especially data from human cohorts are required to further our understanding and drive the development of public health recommendations regarding dietary fiber in brain health.

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Impact of rye-based evening meals on cognitive functions, mood and cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled study in healthy middle-aged subjects

Cited by 23 publications

References 53 publications

Dietary Fiber from Oat and Rye Brans Ameliorate Western Diet–Induced Body Weight Gain and Hepatic Inflammation by the Modulation of Short‐Chain Fatty Acids, Bile Acids, and Tryptophan Metabolism

Dietary Fiber from Oat and Rye Brans Ameliorate Western Diet–Induced Body Weight Gain and Hepatic Inflammation by the Modulation of Short‐Chain Fatty Acids, Bile Acids, and Tryptophan Metabolism

Modulation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Potential Therapy Method for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Going with the grain: Fiber, cognition, and the microbiota-gut-brain-axis

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