Impact of outdoor air pollution on severity and mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia

Bronte, Olaia; García-García, Fernando; Lee, Dae‐Jin; Urrutia, Isabel; Uranga, Ane; Nieves, María Hernández; Martínez‐Minaya, Joaquín; Quintana, José M.; Aróstegui, Inmaculada; Zalacaín, Rafael; Ruiz-Iturriaga, L.A.; Serrano, L.; Menéndez, R.; Méndez, Raúl; Torres, Antoni; Cillóniz, Catia; España, Pedro Pablo

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164877

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, high-flow traffic and the small size of masks in public places make it difficult to monitor mask compliance [3]. The advent of computer vision technology has introduced deep learning-based mask detection systems, which play an increasingly important role in disease control in public environments and dust mitigation in industrial environments [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

YOLOv5-S2C2: An Improved Method of Mask Detection Based on Lightweight

Xie,

Ma,

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Masks play a crucial role in preventing respiratory diseases and have diverse applications in national public health and industrial safety. Efficient mask-wearing detection systems are essential for ensuring accuracy and real-time performance. To overcome the challenges of extensive model calculations, extensive parameter volume, and complex hardware deployment in the current mask-wearing detection system, a lightweight mask detection model with improved YOLOv5 is proposed. Firstly, this study proposes a new lightweight network-EMA-FasterNet, as the backbone network of YOLOv5, which reduces the computation while preserving the information of each channel. Secondly, using Depthwise Separable Convolutions (DepthSepConv) to replace some C3 modules in the Neck further compresses the model volume, parameters, and computation. Finally, to prevent the detection of missing objects due to the removal of overlapping candidate boxes, use Soft Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) to replace NMS. Compared with YOLOv5s, the proposed YOLOv5-S2C2 has high mAP in both Dataset I and Dataset II, while the parameters and computation of the model are reduced by about 56% and 57.0%, respectively. The volume is about 44% of the original model and the inference speed on GPU is improved by about 30%. These improvements show that the proposed model achieves a lightweight design and excellent real-time performance. It is also well suited for efficient use on hardware with limited computational resources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

YOLOv5-S2C2: An Improved Method of Mask Detection Based on Lightweight

Xie,

Ma,

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…In addition, vehicle exhaust emissions account more than half of total nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions in some countries [2]. Vehicle exhaust emissions can reduce lung function, thereby increasing the risk of respiratory diseases [3][4][5]. NO x emitted from vehicle exhaust is a major contributor to air pollution, posing significant hazards to human health and the environment [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Degradation of Vehicle Exhaust by Nano-TiO2 Cement Slurry: Experimental Factors and Field Application

Kuang,

Ding,

Peng

et al. 2023

Catalysts

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Nano-TiO2 combined with cement slurry can be utilized to degrade nitrogen oxides (NOx) in vehicle exhaust, making it an excellent photocatalytic material for air purification. In practice, environmental factors can significantly affect the photocatalytic performance. In this study, a vehicle exhaust test system was developed, and the test methods and evaluation criteria for the degradation test are provided. This study investigated the photocatalytic degradation of NO2 using nano-TiO2 cement slurry through laboratory tests. The effects of temperature, relative humidity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation flux, cement slurry thickness, surface dust adherence, and the number of water rinsing cycles were examined. Additionally, nano-TiO2 cement slurries were applied to an expressway toll station. The results showed that the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation was significantly influenced by temperature and UV radiation flux, while the thickness of the cement slurry had minimal impact. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency was negatively correlated to the relative humidity, when the relative humidity of the cement slurry specimens was high. This is because the excess water (H2O) competes with NO2 for adsorption. The photocatalytic performance of the samples was significantly reduced by surface dust and rain erosion, as both led to a decrease in the amount of nano-TiO2 participating in the reaction. Furthermore, the photocatalytic material has wide-ranging potential applications. The findings of this study would support the promotion of environmentally friendly roads as a strategy to combat air pollution.

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Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Anatase/Rutile‐Mixed Phase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Annealed with Polyethylene Glycol at Low Temperatures in Aluminum Foil‐Covered Combustion Boats

Kawakami,

Matsumoto,

Yanagiya

et al. 2024

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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A facile carbon‐doping process is proposed to enhance the photocatalytic activity of anatase/rutile‐mixed phase TiO2 nanoparticles using polyethylene glycol (PEG). The TiO2‐PEG composite is loaded into a boat and covered tightly with Al foil to increase the pressure inside that boat during annealing. The boat is annealed for 1 h at different temperatures and PEG ratios. The annealing with 30% PEG at 300 °C enhances the decomposition of organic pollutants and bacterial inactivation under 405 nm light compared to the annealing without Al films. This annealing causes 2.5–3% carbon doping, introduces more oxygen vacancies, and converts PEG into organic compounds rich in CC bond components. These modifications of TiO2 can be attributed to carbon‐centered radicals produced from PEG during annealing. The modifications change the band structure to enhance the photogenerated carrier concentration responsible for the photocatalytic activity. The carbon doping narrows the anatase and rutile bandgaps, allowing the anatase phase to absorb 405 nm light. The introduced oxygen vacancies increase the electron‐trapping sites and raise the adsorbed oxygen groups enhancing the upward band bending and the depletion layer depth at the surface. The PEG‐converted compounds can transfer photogenerated electrons within the compounds to the TiO2 conduction band.

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Impact of outdoor air pollution on severity and mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

YOLOv5-S2C2: An Improved Method of Mask Detection Based on Lightweight

YOLOv5-S2C2: An Improved Method of Mask Detection Based on Lightweight

Photocatalytic Degradation of Vehicle Exhaust by Nano-TiO2 Cement Slurry: Experimental Factors and Field Application

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Anatase/Rutile‐Mixed Phase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Annealed with Polyethylene Glycol at Low Temperatures in Aluminum Foil‐Covered Combustion Boats

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