Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions targeted at COVID-19 pandemic on influenza burden – a systematic review

Fricke, Lara Marleen; Glöckner, Stephan; Dreier, Maren; Lange, Berit

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.039

Cited by 110 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(223 reference statements)

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“…2 . US virologic surveillance 15 and similar surveillance in the Northern Hemisphere 19 showed a consistent, seasonal pattern of influenza before COVID-19. In the absence of readily available and effective pharmaceutical interventions, the adoption of NPIs may be a feasible and effective method to mitigate transmission of emerging respiratory infections, including pandemic influenza 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Studies in Asia, the US, and Europe have shown that influenza activity declined in 2020 after the first set of measures to fight COVID-19 were implemented 19 , 29 . The number of ILI cases in China decreased with implementation of NPIs and further declined with increased intensity of intervention measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NPI-based prevention and control of COVID-19 provided an opportunity to observe the real-world effectiveness of NPIs at mitigating seasonal influenza virus transmission using a comparison study design. Preliminary studies have reported that COVID-19 NPIs may have reduced the spread of influenza viruses 16 , but the evidence was obtained largely from observational modeling studies 17 – 19 . Comparative studies of the impact of COVID-19 outbreaks and interventions on the intensity of influenza activity are needed to augment current understanding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of COVID-19 outbreaks and interventions on influenza in China and the United States

et al. 2021

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was detected in China during the 2019–2020 seasonal influenza epidemic. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and behavioral changes to mitigate COVID-19 could have affected transmission dynamics of influenza and other respiratory diseases. By comparing 2019–2020 seasonal influenza activity through March 29, 2020 with the 2011–2019 seasons, we found that COVID-19 outbreaks and related NPIs may have reduced influenza in Southern and Northern China and the United States by 79.2% (lower and upper bounds: 48.8%–87.2%), 79.4% (44.9%–87.4%) and 67.2% (11.5%–80.5%). Decreases in influenza virus infection were also associated with the timing of NPIs. Without COVID-19 NPIs, influenza activity in China and the United States would likely have remained high during the 2019–2020 season. Our findings provide evidence that NPIs can partially mitigate seasonal and, potentially, pandemic influenza.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of COVID-19 outbreaks and interventions on influenza in China and the United States

et al. 2021

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“…Most countries implemented lockdown measures in the spring of 2020. The lockdown strategy was effective for preventing the transmission of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, as well as other respiratory pathogens, especially influenza 1–3 . In the summer of 2020, the overall incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was low in Europe, and many of the lockdown restrictions were lifted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…virus, as well as other respiratory pathogens, especially influenza. [1][2][3] In the summer of 2020, the overall incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was low in Europe, and many of the lockdown restrictions were lifted. During the second COVID-19 wave, regional stepwise restrictions were implemented across Finland.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza season 2020–2021 did not begin in Finland despite the looser social restrictions during the second wave of COVID‐19: A nationwide register study

Kuitunen

2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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The nationwide lockdowns ended influenza seasons rapidly in Northern Hemisphere in Spring 2020. The strategy during the second wave was to minimize the restrictions set for children. Children spread influenza and therefore simultaneous influenza and COVID‐19 surges were feared. The aim of this report is to analyze the epidemiology of influenza season 2020–2021 in Finland. Data for this retrospective register‐based study were gathered from the National Infectious Disease Register, all laboratory‐confirmed influenza cases from August 2017 to March 2021 were included. The positive influenza findings were stratified by age, and incidences per 100 000 persons were calculated. Only 41 influenza A and B cases have been reported in this season from August 2020 to March 2021, which adds up to an incidence of 0.9 per 100 000 person‐years. In the three preceding years, the numbers and corresponding incidences from August to March were 12 461 (282 per 100 000 person‐years) in 2019–2020, 15 276 (346 per 100 000 person‐years) in 2018–2019, and 33 659 (761 per 100 000 person‐years) in 2017–2018. Nonpharmaceutical interventions combined with the lockdown measures interrupted the influenza season in Finland in March 2020. Despite looser restrictions, alongside traveling restrictions and facial masks, failing to prevent the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, these restrictions have proved to be effective against seasonal influenza.

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Trends in Respiratory Virus Infections During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Singapore, 2020

et al. 2021

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Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions targeted at COVID-19 pandemic on influenza burden – a systematic review

Cited by 110 publications

References 44 publications

Impact of COVID-19 outbreaks and interventions on influenza in China and the United States

Impact of COVID-19 outbreaks and interventions on influenza in China and the United States

Influenza season 2020–2021 did not begin in Finland despite the looser social restrictions during the second wave of COVID‐19: A nationwide register study

Trends in Respiratory Virus Infections During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Singapore, 2020

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