Impact of native forest remnants and wild host plants on the abundance of the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus in Brazilian apple orchards

Natural parasitism in fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) and interaction with wild hosts surrounding apple orchards adjacent to Atlantic Forest fragments in Paraná State, Brazil

“…As apple orchards are planted in areas adjacent to the Atlantic Forest, it is possible that native fruit trees can be sources of fruit fly for orchards, and their removal is often considered by farmers. However, the presence of Myrtaceae in the Atlantic Forest, on the edge of apple orchards, did not increase of fruit fly compared to forests without hosts (Araujo et al, 2019). We identified only six Myrtaceae, one Annonaceae and one exotic Rosaceae host as the most likely multipliers of fruit fly hosts of the Paraná Atlantic Forest corroborated by Foelkel (2015); in our research, five host cannot be considered to be fruit fly multipliers and may have been influenced by the climate and/or their location in the forest, for example, by the level of shading (Muniz, 2008).…”

“…The Atlantic Forest off the coast of Brazil has a rich native flora (Myers et al, 2000), and many species are described as fruit fly hosts (Zucchi, 2000); however, few species are considered to be multiplier hosts (Foelkel, 2015;Aluja et al, 2014;Araujo et al, 2019). As apple orchards are planted in areas adjacent to the Atlantic Forest, it is possible that native fruit trees can be sources of fruit fly for orchards, and their removal is often considered by farmers.…”

“…To characterize the landscapes adjacent to commercial apple orchards, monitoring of native and exotic plant species that may have a relationship with fruit fly was carried out (Foelkel, 2015). This was done from the border of all the apple orchards up to 50 m within the forest, divided into sectors every 100 m, by walking along and within the forest during the year preceding the beginning of the experiment (Schliserman et al, 2014;Araujo et al, 2019).…”

“…The agricultural year was defined as beginning in August, with the breaking of dormancy. Two sampling periods were established based on the phenology of two apple cultivars: the susceptibility (S) and insusceptibility (IS) periods (Araujo et al, 2019). The susceptible period was subdivided into S1, which was composed of 30 days after full bloom, when the apples were at the "J" stage of development (i.e., fruits were between 20 to 25 mm in diameter), and characterized by a low fluctuation history of fruit flies in the region, and S2, covering 45 days before harvest, which coincides with a high fluctuation of fruit flies and their control (Araujo et al, 2019).…”

Altura de voo e composição de espécies de >i<Anastrepha>/i< Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Tephritidae) em ambiente antropizado

“…Por ocasionar diversas perdas à fruticultura, as moscas-das-frutas são um dos principais problemas globais na produção de frutos, pois os prejuízos causados elevam muito os custos de produção decorrentes das consecutivas aplicações de inseticidas e perdas anuais de produção (OLIVEIRA et al, 2019;ARAUJO et al, 2019a;BARRETO et al, 2020). As espécies-praga de frutíferas atingem rapidamente os níveis de dano econômico, até mesmo quando apresentam baixas densidades populacionais.…”