Impact of materials used in lab and field experiments on the recovery of organic micropollutants

Hebig, Klaus H.; Nödler, Karsten; Licha, Tobias; Scheytt, Traugott

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.004

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…After sampling, the water samples were immediately filtered (0.45 μm regenerated cellulose, Whatman) and then frozen at −25 °C. In a previous study, sorption of DCF to this filter material was investigated and was observed to be low, ≈ 8% (Hebig et al., 2014). Sorption of DCF (p K a = 4.15 (Sangster, 1997)) to sludge or biomass was estimated based on distribution coefficients for activated sludge, K d ≈ 0.03 L/g (Stevens-Garmon et al., 2011, Fernandez-Fontaina et al., 2014) and was likely to be small, ≤6% (Schwarzenbach et al., 2005b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After collection was complete the composite samples were filtered (0.45 μm regenerated cellulose, Whatman) and stored at −25 °C. PP and PE plastics used in sampling and storage have been reported to not significantly sorb DCF (Hebig et al., 2014). As was the case for the batch experiments, sorption of DCF to reactor biomass was calculated to be low (15% based on carrier biomass and suspended sludge concentrations of 4.7 g/L and 1.2 g/L (Falås et al., 2013)) and not significant for removal (see section 2.5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transformation of diclofenac in hybrid biofilm–activated sludge processes

et al. 2016

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The biotransformation of diclofenac during wastewater treatment was investigated. Attached growth biomass from a carrier-filled compartment of a hybrid-MBBR at the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Bad Ragaz, Switzerland was used to test the biotransformation. Laboratory-scale incubation experiments were performed with diclofenac and carriers and high-resolution LC–QTof-MS was implemented to monitor the biotransformation. Up to 20 diclofenac transformation products (TPs) were detected. Tentative structures were proposed for 16 of the TPs after characterization by MS2 fragmentation and/or inferring the structure from the transformation pathway and the molecular formula given by the high resolution ionic mass. The remaining four TPs were unambiguously identified via analytical reference standards. The postulated reactions forming the TPs were: hydroxylation, decarboxylation, oxidation, amide formation, ring-opening and reductive dechlorination. Incubation experiments of individual TPs, those which were available as reference standards, provided a deeper look into the transformation pathways. It was found that the transformation consists of four main pathways but no pathway accounted for a clear majority of the transformation. A 10-day monitoring campaign of the full-scale plant confirmed an 88% removal of diclofenac (from approximately 1.6 μg/L in WWTP influent) and the formation of TPs as found in the laboratory was observed. One of the TPs, N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-indolinone detected at concentrations of around 0.25 μg/L in WWTP effluent, accounting for 16% of the influent diclofenac concentration. The biotransformation of carriers was compared to a second WWTP not utilising carriers. It was found that in contact with activated sludge, similar hydroxylation and decarboxylation reactions occurred but at much slower rates, whereas some reactions, e.g. reductive dechlorination, were not detected at all. Finally, incubation experiments were performed with attached growth biomass from a third WWTP with a similar process configuration to Bad Ragaz WWTP. A similarly effective removal of diclofenac was found with a similar presence of TPs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of diclofenac in hybrid biofilm–activated sludge processes

et al. 2016

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“…All samples were collected in glass bottles and kept at 4°C for 24 h allowing for particles to settle and the supernatant water was used for further processing. The samples were not filtered because it was previously found that there can be loss of compounds during filtering (Hebig et al, 2014). Measurements of temperature and electrical conductivity (EC) were directly conducted in the field either by the loggers or manually.…”

Section: Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the transport behavior of 16 emerging organic contaminants during soil aquifer treatment

Nham

Greskowiak

Nödler

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…6). The mobility of phenazone, paracetamol, and primidone in groundwater is assumed to be high regarding a log K OW <1 (Hebig et al 2014). The same also applies to mecoprop, occurring as an anion (Schaffer and Licha 2014).…”

Section: Detection and Characterization Of Contaminant Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and application of organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) as indicators in karst system characterization

Reh

Licha

Nödler

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study presents chances and challenges associated with the application of organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) as indicators in karst system characterization. The methodology and options of possible indications were evaluated based on the interpretation of the spatial distribution of 54 compounds in groundwater in combination with a complex geological setting consisting of multiple aquifer horizons and tectonic faults. A high variety of OMPs are released mainly in an urban area leading to concentrations of several nanograms per liter up to micrograms per liter, which are detectable using a high-performance liquid chromatography with subsequent tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method. Since characteristic patterns of spatial distribution were repeatedly observed during a 2-year observation period, important criteria of the aforementioned indicator application are fulfilled. Triazoles, compounds with recent high emission rates, could be successfully applied for the identification of flow directions and the delineation of catchment areas. Concentrations and the number of OMPs are believed to be dependent on properties of covering rock layers. Therefore, OMPs can also be used as a validation tool for vulnerability mapping. Compounds, such as triazines, persistent in the system for more than two decades, demonstrate the interaction between different parts of the aquifer system and the hydraulic characteristics of a tectonic fault zone. Such indicator potentials complement those of artificial tracer tests. Point sources of OMPs and their impact on groundwater could be identified qualitatively. In combination with the interpretation of the geological setting, the distribution of OMPs provides essential information for the development of a conceptual hydrogeological model.

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Impact of materials used in lab and field experiments on the recovery of organic micropollutants

Cited by 35 publications

References 31 publications

Transformation of diclofenac in hybrid biofilm–activated sludge processes

Transformation of diclofenac in hybrid biofilm–activated sludge processes

Modeling the transport behavior of 16 emerging organic contaminants during soil aquifer treatment

Evaluation and application of organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) as indicators in karst system characterization

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