Impact of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Leaf, Bark, and Core Extracts on Germination of Five Plant Species

Webber, Charles L.; White, Paul M.; Myers, Dwight L.; Taylor, Merritt J.; Shrefler, James W.

doi:10.5539/jas.v7n2p93

Cited by 5 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Although there is not a clear trend between experiments, all experiments for each of the extract sources produced accelerated hypocotyl growth for green bean plants. These results are consistent with earlier research by Russo et al (1997b) and Webber et al (2015) who observed little or no detrimental impact of kenaf extract concentrations on green bean germination. Also, as reported by Webber et al (2015), there was a slight beneficial impact of the kenaf bark and leaf extracts on seed germination, which is consistent with a potential benefit to post-germination growth of the green bean hypocotyl.…”

Section: Green Bean Hypocotyl Growthsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…These results are consistent with Webber et al (2015), who reported that tomato seed germination decreased as extract concentration increased for different sources of kenaf plant extracts. The core extracts was the least impactful on post-germination growth, while leaf extracts were the most detrimental on hypocotyl and radicle growth, and root numbers (Table 5).…”

Section: Tomato Summarysupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Unlike hypocotyl length, green bean radicle lengths were not significantly affected by either source of the kenaf extract or by extract concentration (Tables 2). These results are consistent with Russo et al (1997b) and Webber et al (2015) who determined that of the five seed types evaluated, green bean was the least detrimentally impacted by kenaf extracts. X Means in a column within a main effect (kenaf plant part, extract concentration, and experiment) followed by the same lower case letter are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.05, ANOVA.…”

Section: Green Bean Radicle Growthsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…These results are consistent with earlier research by Russo et al (1997b) who reported that green bean germination was the least detrimentally impacted when exposed to whole plant kenaf extracts compared to the same plant species. Webber et al (2015) also reported mixed results concerning the impact of different kenaf plant extracts on green bean germination, indicating that the core extracts actually increased germination and the extract concentration did not produce a clear trend. Perhaps a higher concentration of the kenaf extracts might produce a clearer trend to determine if the material is consistently beneficial or detrimental.…”

Section: Green Bean Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jalali et al (2013) determined that aqueous leaf extracts of the common mallow (Malva sylvestris) also exhibited allelopathic activity decreasing the germination and seedling growth of blanket flower (Gaillardia pulchella), plumed cockscomb (Celosia argentea), and sweet William (Dianthus barbatus). Webber et al (2015) when examining the impact of different concentrations of kenaf bark, core, and leaf extracts, determined that the kenaf leaf extracts were allelopathic, reducing seed germination of tomato, cucumber, Italian ryegrass and redroot pigweed.…”

Section: Kenaf and Allelopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Impact on Post-Germination Seedling Growth

Webber¹,

White²,

Myers³

et al. 2015

JAS

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The chemical interaction between plants, which is referred to as allelopathy, may result in the inhibition of plant growth and development. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) plant extracts on the post-germination growth of five plant species. Four concentrations (0, 16.7, 33.3 and 66.7 g/L) of kenaf bark, core, and leaf extracts were applied to the germinated seeds of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). After 7 days, the developing seedlings were measured to determine the length of their hypocotyls (mm) and radicles (mm), and the number of hair roots. Tomato, Italian ryegrass, and redroot pigweed followed similar negative trends in their responses to the extract source (kenaf bark, core, and leaves) and the impact of extract concentration, whereas, cucumber had a mixed response and green bean reacted positively to the kenaf extracts. Tomato was the most sensitive species tested across all kenaf extracts and concentrations, resulting in decreased hypocotyl, radicle, and root growth. Green bean exhibited no negative effects due to the kenaf extracts, but actually produced increased hypocotyl growth as a result of the kenaf bark, core, and leaf extracts. The kenaf extracts resulted in a mixed response for cucumber. The kenaf leaf and bark extract decreased cucumber radicle growth, whereas, the bark and core extracts increased hypocotyl growth. Italian ryegrass hypocotyl growth decreased across all extract sources (bark, core, and leaf), while the leaf extract also reduced root growth. All kenaf extracts reduced redroot pigweed radicle growth, while the core and leaf extracts reduced hypocotyl growth. The research demonstrated that kenaf leaf extracts were the most allelopathic and the hypocotyls were the most sensitive. Future research should isolate the chemicals responsible for both the negative and positive allelopathic impact on the various plant species, determine if the extracts will influence more mature plants, and pursue cultural practices to utilize these natural allelopathic materials to benefit crop production and limit weed competition.

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Section: Green Bean Hypocotyl Growthsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Tomato Summarysupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Green Bean Radicle Growthsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Green Bean Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kenaf and Allelopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Impact on Post-Germination Seedling Growth

Webber¹,

White²,

Myers³

et al. 2015

JAS

Self Cite

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Sugarcane Field Residue and Root Allelopathic Impact on Weed Seed Germination

Webber¹,

White²,

Landrum³

et al. 2017

JAS

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Allelopathy, the chemical interaction between plants, may result in the inhibition of plant growth and development, which can include compounds released from a crop that adversely impact weed species. The objective of this research was to determine the allelopathic impact of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) field residue and root water extracts on seed germination of three weed species. Red morningglory (Ipomoea coccinea L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.)] seeds were treated with five extract concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 g/L) from either sugarcane field residue or sugarcane root extracts. The field residue and roots were from sugarcane variety 'HoCP 96-540' plant cane. Germination generally decreased with increasing sugarcane field residue extract concentrations in the three weed species tested. At the highest residue concentration (100 g/L), red morningglory, redroot pigweed, and spiny amaranth germination decreased by 29%, 17.5% and 80.5%, respectively. Germination generally decreased with increasing sugarcane root extract concentrations in red morningglory and redroot pigweed, but not with spiny amaranth. The highest root concentration (100 g/L) decreased red morningglory and redroot pigweed germination by 19.5% and 18.5%, respectively. This research provides the first bioassay demonstrating that sugarcane root extracts have allelopathic activity, and specifically in respect to red morningglory and redroot pigweed germination. Future research should investigate the allelopathic compounds present in the sugarcane field residue and roots, determine if the same allelopathic compounds are present and in similar concentrations among other sugarcane varieties, and further examine which weed species may be susceptible to the allelopathic compounds present in sugarcane roots.

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Sugarcane Crop Residue and Bagasse Allelopathic Impact on Oat (Avena sative L.), Tall Morningglory (Ipomoea purpurea L. Roth), and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) Germination

Webber¹,

White²,

Spaunhorst³

et al. 2018

JAS

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Allelopathy, the chemical interaction between plants, may result in the inhibition of plant growth and development, and includes compounds released from a primary crop that adversely impact crop or weed species. The objective of this research was to observe the allelopathic impact of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) post-harvest crop residue and mill bagasse leachate on seed germination of three other plant species. Oat (Avena sative L.) var. 'Corral', tall morningglory (Ipomoea purpurea L. Roth), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seeds were treated with 5 leachate concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 g/L) from either sugarcane crop residue or sugarcane bagasse. Each experiment was repeated twice (Experiment 1 & 2) with each plant species, leachate concentrations, and leachate source (sugarcane crop residue and mill bagasse). The impact of leachates from sugarcane variety 'HoCP 96-540' crop residue and sugarcane bagasse differed by the species evaluated (oat, morningglory, and redroot pigweed), the leachate source (crop residue vs. bagasse), and leachate concentration (0 to 100 g/L). Oat germination was not affected leachate source or concentration. Germination for both weed species, tall morningglory and redroot pigweed, were adversely affected by leachate source and concentration. In both cases, the sugarcane crop residue leachate had a greater deleterious impact on germination than did the bagasse leachate. The response to the leachates was more consistent and severe for tall morningglory germination than redroot pigweed germination. Averaged across experiments, the 12.5 g/L crop residue concentration decreased the tall morningglory germination to 17% compared to 34% germination for the bagasse leachate, and the 100 g/L residue concentration reduce germination to 6% compared to 19% for bagasse 100 g/L bagasse concentration. The 100 g/L concentration of crop residue reduced redroot pigweed germination by 13% (Experiment 1) and 27% (Experiment 2), while the bagasse leachate reduced germination by 5% (Experiment 1) and 15% (Experiment 2). Future research should investigate the allelopathic compounds present in the sugarcane crop residue and bagasse, determine if the same allelopathic compounds are present and in the same concentration among other sugarcane varieties, and further examine which weed and crop species may be vulnerable to the allelopathic compounds present in sugarcane crop residue and bagasse.

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Impact of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Leaf, Bark, and Core Extracts on Germination of Five Plant Species

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Impact on Post-Germination Seedling Growth

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Impact on Post-Germination Seedling Growth

Sugarcane Field Residue and Root Allelopathic Impact on Weed Seed Germination

Sugarcane Crop Residue and Bagasse Allelopathic Impact on Oat (Avena sative L.), Tall Morningglory (Ipomoea purpurea L. Roth), and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) Germination

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