Impact of Irrigation Levels and Weed Control Treatments on Annual Weeds, Physiological Traits and Productivity of Soybean under Clay Soil Conditions

Abstract

Water scarcity and weed infestation are major challenges to soybean production. Therefore, two field experiments were conducted in a strip plot design including three replicates in the 2019 and 2020 summer seasons at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Centre, Egypt, to investigate the effect of three irrigation levels (I0 (100%), I1 (90%), and I2 (80%)), and six weed control treatments of pendimethalin (T1), oxyfluorfen (T2), bentazon + clethodim (T3), imazethapyr (T4), hand-hoeing twice (T5), and untreated check (T6) on annual weeds, physiological traits, water relations, and yield and its components of soybean cv Giza 111. Results indicated that intermediate irrigation levels lead to the highest yield and economic return, while the herbicide program that resulted in the greatest weed control gave the highest yield. The rate of weed infestation in field experiments was 19.7 and 21.8 t ha−1 dry weights, which decreased soybean yield by 56.9 and 57.1%, compared to treatment (T4). The interactions between 100 irrigation level (I0) and imazethapyr (T4), bentazon + clethodim (T3), and hand-hoeing twice (T5) gave the highest significant values of the most studied characters. Furthermore, under 90% irrigation, all weed control treatments give the best control of weeds and the highest values of the economic criteria.

Physiological Studies and Ultrastructure of Vigna sinensis L. and Helianthus annuus L. under Varying Levels of Nitrogen Supply

“…It is an important commodity in West Africa. It belongs to Fabaceae family, which contain many important crops such as the faba bean [ 2 , 3 ], soybean [ 4 , 5 ], and pea [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. The cowpea is an important source of protein, vitamins, and income for humans [ 9 ].…”

Alleviating the adverse effects of plant pathogens, drought and salinity stress factors using plant growth promoting bacteria

“…Effect of PGPB on morphological characters under drought stress PGPB can alleviate the adverse effects of drought on morphological parameters of plants. These negative effects were recorded in several crops such as soybean (Khaffagy et al, 2022), barley (Abdelaal et al, 2018Abdelaal et al, 2020a;), wheat (Abdelaal et al, 2021b and flax (Rashwan et al, 2020). In this context Arafa et al (2021) stated that drought caused significant decreases in leaves number, plant height, number of pods and dry weight of 100 seeds in stressed pea plants.…”

Drought and Competition Mediate Mycorrhizal Colonization, Growth Rate, and Nutrient Uptake in Three Artemisia Species

“…These annual species fiercely compete for water and nutrients with the perennial vegetation, especially at the seedling stage, quickly replacing the perennial cover with monocultures that eventually function as fuels for fire that further enhance their dominance [ 5 , 6 ]. Another challenge for plant species establishment is drought, which is a driver of successional processes in semi-arid systems and a barrier to the reestablishment of sagebrush species post-disturbance [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”