Impact of Hydrogen Fuel Impurities on PEMFC Performance

Imamura, Daichi; Ebata, Daizo; Hshimasa, Yoshiyuki; Akai, Motoaki; Watanabe, Satoshi

doi:10.4271/2007-01-2010

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The various effects of impurities in hydrogen on the performance of PEMFCs have been studied in depth over the years. [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] The mechanism of poisoning typically involves the adsorption of impurities onto the anode's platinum (Pt) electrocatalyst, thus blocking sites for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and lowering the PEMFC's performance. 66 Moreover, impurities are also known to infiltrate the membrane as ions, decreasing its conductivity.…”

Section: Sensors For the Hydrogen Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Sensor Technologies for Enabling the Hydrogen Economy

Ramaiyan,

Tsui,

Brosha

et al. 2023

ECS Sens. Plus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Efforts to create a sustainable hydrogen economy are gaining momentum as governments all over the world are investing in hydrogen production, storage, distribution, and delivery technologies to develop a hydrogen infrastructure. This involves transporting hydrogen in gaseous or liquid form or using carrier gases such as methane, ammonia, or mixtures of methane and hydrogen. Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless gas and can easily leak into the atmosphere leading to economic loss and safety concerns. Therefore, deployment of robust low-cost sensors for various scenarios involving hydrogen is of paramount importance. Here, we review some recent developments in hydrogen sensors for applications such as leak detection, safety, and process monitoring in production, transport, and use scenarios. The status of methane and ammonia sensors is covered due to their important role in hydrogen production and transportation using existing natural gas and ammonia infrastructure. This review further provides an overview of existing commercial hydrogen sensors and also addresses the potential for hydrogen as an interferent gas for currently used sensors. This review can help developers and users make informed decisions about how to drive hydrogen sensor technology forward and to incorporate hydrogen sensors into the various hydrogen deployment projects in the coming decade.

show abstract

Section: Sensors For the Hydrogen Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Sensor Technologies for Enabling the Hydrogen Economy

Ramaiyan,

Tsui,

Brosha

et al. 2023

ECS Sens. Plus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In principle, however, LT-PEMFC can be operated on modified hydrocarbon fuels and cracked ammonia, provided that the concentrations of sulphur, ammonia and carbon monoxide are all well below 1 ppm. Fuel cells with fuel handling systems have been built and demonstrated [19].…”

Section: Lt-pemfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clean and Sustainable Hydrogen-Electric Propulsion

Gao¹,

Zhao²

2023

Hypersonic and Supersonic Flight - Advances in Aerodynamics, Materials, and Vehicle Design

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For future hypersonic and supersonic flight, clean, sustainable and energy-efficient propulsion should be addressed in the general background of the sensational clean electric transition of aircraft. This chapter is to draw the attention of the research communities on the possible feasibilities and challenges of hydrogen-electric propulsion in hypersonic and supersonic flight. This chapter is structured with the following aspects, (1) general design and hybridisation concepts of hydrogen-electric propulsion for general aircraft and their hypersonic and supersonic considerations; (2) merits of hydrogen-electric propulsion on thermofluids process integrations; (3) potential merits of hydrogen-electric propulsion projected through thermofluids structural engineering and re-engineering; (4) storage options and their challenges in design and operation; and (5) reliability considerations.

show abstract

“…The overpotential of HOR would increase by 25 to 241 mV when purging with 1–10 ppm of CO, and the fuel cell efficiency is decreased by over 2% (2–19%) . To achieve the target of 5000 h lifetime of FCEV with performance degradation of less than 10%, the overpotential caused by H 2 impurities should be lower than 0.065 V, calculated based on the output voltage of a single PEMFC (approximately 0.65 V at the current density of 1000 mA cm –2 ). , In this case, the tolerance limit of H 2 impurities should be determined by precisely measuring the overpotential based on their poisoning mechanism and kinetics so as to establish a more reasonable and accurate theoretical system of hydrogen quality for FCEVs. So far, the overpotentials reported in previous literature studies are generally obtained by comparing the voltage drop before and after impurities poisoning in the whole PEMFC system through the constant-current/voltage test, that is, to deduct the voltage drop under stable operation for a period of time with pure-H 2 feed to the anode, − or by extrapolating the projected performance degradation under pure-H 2 operation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loosening CO Limit 25-Fold for Hydrogen: Coupling Material Development and Operation Optimization of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Cui

Zhai

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Assurance of high-quality hydrogen is critical for end usage in proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell (PEMFC) electric vehicles with a long lifetime and low cost as a trace amount of CO impurities in hydrogen significantly affects the durability and fuel expense. Herein, we demonstrate an effective strategy to reduce the total ownership cost of PEMFC vehicles by coupling material development and operation optimization, aiming to obtain the optimal tolerance limit for hydrogen impurities. An electrochemical hydrogen pump was used to accurately determine the poisoning-caused overpotential by eliminating interferences from cathode polarization and the permeated oxygen from thin PEM. The quantitative relations of overpotential versus influencing factors (e.g., type of catalysts, CO concentration, and temperature) were established. The results indicate that PtRu/C demonstrates alleviated CO poisoning, exhibiting approximately 12.8 mV lower overpotential than Pt/C after 100 h test (PtRu/C: 6 mV; Pt/C: 18.8 mV) with a CO concentration of 0.2 ppm specified by ISO standards (14687: 2019) and its increase rate of overpotential is reduced to 1/3-fold. Only the electronic effect induced by Pt–Ru interactions is responsible for the improved CO tolerance of PtRu/C under ultra-low CO concentrations, whereas the widely recognized bi-functional effect due to the reaction of Ru–OH with neighboring Pt–CO species does not work, leading to over 10% decrease of CO–Pt(111) adsorption energy for PtRu/C compared with Pt/C. By means of the synergistic effect of the alternative PtRu/C catalyst and an elevated cell temperature at 85 °C, the CO limit can be loosened to 25-fold from currently recommended 0.2 to 5 ppm, which will remarkably decrease the cost of hydrogen purification. This work offers an insight for the cost reduction of hydrogen mobility and the future optimization of hydrogen quality and also provides valuable guidance for the design of robust anti-poisoning CO catalysts for the long-term application of PEMFCs.

show abstract

Impact of Hydrogen Fuel Impurities on PEMFC Performance

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Recent Developments in Sensor Technologies for Enabling the Hydrogen Economy

Recent Developments in Sensor Technologies for Enabling the Hydrogen Economy

Clean and Sustainable Hydrogen-Electric Propulsion

Loosening CO Limit 25-Fold for Hydrogen: Coupling Material Development and Operation Optimization of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About