Impact of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Hematology and Glycogen Status of Fish: A Review

Abstract

In the era of industries the problem of pollution of aquatic resources has become aggravated. Generally because the industries are constructed near the water bodies in order to get rid of waste generated. Mining, agricultural run-offs, domestic/sewage water etc. further add to the pollution. These waste/sewage waters contain heavy metals which in turn accumulate and affect the health of fishes. Heavy metals are readily available for uptake in cationic state, part of a hydroxyl complex or organometallic compound. Previous studies have reported that heavy metals accumulate in different organs of the fish without causing mortality and their effect first appeared in blood. These alterations make fish weak, anemic and vulnerable to diseases. Hence industrialization on the other hand is targeting the major protein source in the form of fish. The exposure to heavy metals causes increase or decrease in hematological indices, as well as decline in the glycogen reserves. Moreover haematologic parameters and glycogen may serve as suitable biomarkers of fish health and can be used as the bioindicators to monitor the quality of aquatic environment.

Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Sites: Eco-environmental Concerns, Field Studies, Sustainability Issues, and Future Prospects

“…HMs also causes endocrine disruption, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in fishes (Jezierska et al 2009;Luszczek-Trojnar et al 2014;Javed et al 2016). Further, HMs also causes a reduction in hematological parameters and glycogen reserve and thus, make the fishes weak, anemic and vulnerable to diseases (Javed and Usmani 2015).…”

Impact of inducing general anaesthesia with MS‐222 on haematological and biochemical parameters of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca)

“…Determining the levels of, inter alia , haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocytes, leucocytes or platelets permits diagnosing various types of disorders in animals, for example, anaemia, inflammation, infection or other pathological processes (Clauss, Dove, & Arnold, ). Studying blood morphology is also often used in studies of various toxic substances (Javed & Usmani, ), while the plasma biochemical parameters are often used to assess the physiological status of animals. Inter alia , they permit monitoring the functioning of many organs (e.g.…”

Impact of inducing general anesthesia with Propiscin (etomidate) on the physiology and health of European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.)

“…Assessing the levels and ranges of, inter alia, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes permits detecting anemia, inflammation, infection, or other disease processes (Clauss et al 2008 ). Complete blood counts are also often used in toxicity studies of various substances (Javed and Usmani 2015 ). Biochemical parameters are also very useful in assessing the physiological state of living organisms, and they facilitate monitoring the functioning of many organs (e.g., liver, kidney, heart) and glands, nutritional status, or systemic hydration (e.g., total protein (TP), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca)), and the occurrence of the stress phenomenon (e.g., glucose (GLU), lactate (LACT)) (Haluzova et al 2010 ; Brinn et al 2012 ; Rożyński et al 2017 ).…”