Impact of genotype, seed composition, agronomic trait, and environment on soybean test weight

Liu, Li-Ke; Prenger, Elizabeth; Zhang, Jun; Little, Brian A.; Mian, M. A. Rouf; Li, Zenglu

doi:10.1080/15427528.2019.1659205

Cited by 5 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, the significant environment and G × E interactions also indicate that improvement of TW through breeding may be environment specific in some cases. Liu et al (2019) also observed high heritability of TW with significant environmental effects in soybean populations. Seed compositional traits did not result in a conclusive relationship with TW in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…However, if the range of genotypic differences in a study is larger (for example, 'NC18' with SPC and SOC range of 317-453 g kg −1 and 161-229 g kg −1 , respectively), such correlations may be larger in magnitude and statistically significant. Liu et al (2019) also reported a positive correlation of SPC and negative correlation of SOC with soybean TW. Although TW has not shown concordant relationships with total SPC in soybean, dissection and analysis of the specific seed proteins and amino acid compositions of the total SPC may lead to a more definitive relationships such as that which Gerde et al (2016) found when analyzing specific zein proteins in maize.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…A possible explanation for our result differing from those of other grain crops is the roundness and uniform shape of soybean seeds, so the varieties with smaller seed size (lower SDWT) allow a larger amount of seed into a specified unit of volume (i.e., better packing efficiency). Liu et al (2019) also reported SDWT as negatively correlated with TW in soybean.…”

Section: Relationship Of Physical Properties Of Seed With Test Weightmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Plot samples insufficient in volume for accurate TW measurement were excluded from analysis. To align values with TWs taken at grain elevators, all TW values were converted to 13% moisture content according to Liu et al (2019).…”

Section: Experimental Design and Phenotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…** Statistical significance at the .01 probability level. *** Statistical significance at the .001 probability level ≥0.80 (Table2) Liu et al (2019). reported heritability of soybean TW to range from .84 to .97.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Assessment of soybean test weight among genotypes, environments, agronomic and seed compositional traits

McNeece

Gillenwater

et al. 2021

Agronomy Journal

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The value of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] depends on quantity (yield) and quality, such as seed composition and test weight (TW). Test weight is a bulk density measurement for grain quality evaluation, and higher TW grains are preferred for storage, transport, and export. Thus, soybean breeding should focus on improvement of TW. The objectives of this study were to determine genotypic and environmental effects on TW of soybean and explore relationships of TW with yield, maturity, 100 seed weight (SDWT), seed quality (SQ), seed oil concentration (SOC), and seed protein concentration (SPC). Three sets of breeding populations (BPs), two mapping populations (MPs), and five different high vs. low seed protein near-isogenic lines populations (NILPs) were used. The BPs and MPs had an average range of 3.5 kg hectoliter (hL) -1 in TW among genotypes. The average ranges of TW in the NILPs were equal for both low protein (LP) and high protein (HP) lines (2.7 kg hL -1 ). Broad-sense heritability estimates for TW ranged from .62 to .95. The genotypic and G × E effects on TW were significant in all trials. The SDWT, SQ, SOC, and SPC had strong significant relationships with TW in multiple trials, but were inconsistent overall. Test weight of NILPs differing by presence of 'Danbaekkong' high protein allele on chromosome 20 had mostly significant positive and negative relationships with SPC and SOC, respectively.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Relationship Of Physical Properties Of Seed With Test Weightmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Experimental Design and Phenotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of soybean test weight among genotypes, environments, agronomic and seed compositional traits

McNeece

Gillenwater

et al. 2021

Agronomy Journal

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Evaluating the accuracy and efficiency of test weight instruments for soybean (Glycine max L.) research

Fett

Gillen

Read

et al. 2023

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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The United States official soybean (Glycine max L.) test weight (TW) is 75.7 kg hL−1 (60 lb bu−1). This standard is used to convert the weight of a load of soybean into bushels. Typically, when TW falls below 68.4 kg hL−1, (54 lb bu−1), growers may receive discounted payments. In recent years, the average TW of soybean appears to have declined in certain regions. There is currently no literature on the relative merits of common instruments used to measure TW. Therefore, we compared three instruments: a Mini GAC Plus, a Perten Aquamatic 5200, and a volumetric instrument, for accuracy and speed of sample processing in a lab setting. The TW of 517 plots generated from 11 soybean field trials grown in Tallassee, Alabama, over 2 years was measured to compare the performance of these instruments. The median value per instrument was used to determine variation and bias among the machines, and the speed of processing 100 samples was used as a measure of efficiency. For accuracy, the Perten had better agreement with the volumetric than the GAC and contained less bias compared to the GAC. All three TW instruments differed significantly from each other in processing speed. The volumetric instrument had the fastest processing speed, but its utility was limited due to a lack of moisture measurement. Otherwise, the Perten Aquamatic 5200 is more efficient. Future experiments should examine seed quality parameters and how they may influence the measurements of samples.

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Soybean test weight in relation to genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interaction in the Southern United States

Koebernick,

Gillen,

Fett

et al. 2024

Agronomy Journal

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Test weight (TW) is a unit of bulk density that is influenced by several factors, including both genetics and environment. A subset of the trials in the Uniform Soybean Tests—Southern States was used to correlate seed composition traits of oil and protein percentages, and seed weight (SW) with TW to investigate the interaction of these traits in multi‐environments for four different maturity group (MG) tests. The results indicate that environment (location and year combination) had a larger impact on TW than genetic effect in all MG tests. This difference was greater in the earlier MGs, compared to MG VI and MG VII. In all tests across four MGs, the genotype interaction with environment effect was significant, but practically was not as important as genotype or environment effects. Significant negative correlations between TW and SW (MG V, VI, and VII tests), and TW and oil (MG V and VI tests) were observed but not consistent in all environments within these tests. TW and protein correlations were inconsistent with a negative relationship in MG V but a positive relationship in MG VII. As anticipated, the inconsistencies in the relationships across MGs for TW and seed composition traits suggest that selection strategies for improving TW will differ across soybean breeding programs. In the future, a similar study using a diverse panel of cultivars that do not change from year to year may shed more light on the influence of seed composition and environmental conditions on TW.

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Impact of genotype, seed composition, agronomic trait, and environment on soybean test weight

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

Assessment of soybean test weight among genotypes, environments, agronomic and seed compositional traits

Assessment of soybean test weight among genotypes, environments, agronomic and seed compositional traits

Evaluating the accuracy and efficiency of test weight instruments for soybean (Glycine max L.) research

Soybean test weight in relation to genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interaction in the Southern United States

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