Impact of environmental factors, chemical fungicide and biological control on cacao pod production dynamics and black pod disease (Phytophthora megakarya) in Cameroon

Deberdt, Péninna; Mfegue, Crescence Virginie; Tondje, P.R.; Bon, Marie‐Claude; Ducamp, Michel; Hurard, Corinne; Begoude, B.A.D.; Ndoumbè-Nkeng, M.; Hebbar, Prakash K.; Cilas, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.10.026

Cited by 86 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These strains were formulated as wettable powders, using cassava flour as carrier, and have been tested in field trials (Deberdt et al, 2008;Tondje et al, 2007). The results of these trials, although relatively positive, also showed limitations of the formulation being used, such as a high susceptibility to wash-off due to rain and fast desiccation of the conidia when applied to cacao pods (Deberdt et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new oil-based formulation of Trichoderma asperellum for the biological control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

et al. 2014

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HIGHLIGHTS• New oil-based dispersion with a half-life of T. asperellum conidia of 22.5 weeks.• Complete inhibition of P. megakarya on sprayed detached pods.• Enhanced rate and duration of protection on sprayed cacao pods in the field.• 50% of pods protected 3.2 weeks after spraying in the field.• Formulation suitable for the spraying equipment of small-scale cacao producers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTFormulated conidia of Trichoderma provide similar or even better protection of cacao pods against black pod disease than a conventional fungicide. ABSTRACTIn African cacao-producing countries, control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya is a priority. Introducing biological control agents as part of a P. megakarya control strategy is highly desirable, especially in a perspective of pesticide reduction. Trichoderma species are among the most used biological control agents. In Cameroon, Trichoderma asperellum formulated in wettable powder has produced positive effects against this disease. However, with this type of formulation, shelf-life and persistence of conidia on pods are limited. Our study therefore sought to develop a new T. asperellum formulation that would be more effective and better suited to the conditions of field application by small-scale producers in Cameroon. We selected a soybean oil-based oil dispersion, in which the half-life of the conidia reached 22.5 weeks, versus 5 weeks in Published in : Biological Control (2014), vol. 77, pp. 15-22 Status : Postprint (Author's version) aqueous suspension. Tested on detached pods, the formulation completely inhibited the development of the disease. When sprayed in the field on cacao clones highly sensitive to P. megakarya, the formulation resulted in 90% protection of treated pods after 1 week, and 50% after 3.2 weeks. The formulations exercised a measurable effect for up to 7 weeks, versus 2 weeks in the case of an aqueous conidial suspension and 5 weeks for that of a conventional fungicide (Kocide). Trichoderma asperellum formulated in oil dispersion has therefore great potential for the control of cacao black pod disease with less recourse to synthetic fungicides.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new oil-based formulation of Trichoderma asperellum for the biological control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

et al. 2014

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“…The second was to scrape the white powder from a diseased pod and put it in icecold distilled water. The resulting solution was then placed in the dark for at least 5 minutes (Ondo, 2006;Deberdt 2008). Evaluation of the effect of the extracts on spore germination: Different concentrations (6.25 µl /ml, 12.5 µl /ml, 25 µl /ml) were prepared from a stock solution of 500 µl /ml (Gata-Gonçalves, 2001).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Plant Materialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of extracts of <i>Thevetia peruviana</i> (Pers.) K.Schum on development of <i>Phytophthora megakarya</i> causal agent of black pod disease of cocoa

Dooh¹,

Ambang²,

Bekolo³

et al. 2014

J. App. Bioscience.

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Objective: The in vitro and in vivo effects of seed extracts of Thevetia peruviana (Apocynaceae) on the growth and the germination of spores of Phytophthora megakarya causal agent of black pod of cocoa was evaluated . Methodology and results: Five extracts obtained by soxhlet apparatus (extracts of hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and aqueous extract) were used. One fungicide (Ridomil ® gold plus) served as control reference. Five strains of P. megakarya (Mbal 121, Ngoke 111, Nom121, Mbal 212, njo111) were tested. Three concentrations of extracts (6.25, 12.5 and 25 µl/ml) and one concentration of fungicide were used in V8 medium. Detached fruit bioassay was performed. Spores of five strains of P. megakarya were inhibited by methanolic and acetonic extracts of T. peruviana with an inhibition percentage ranging from 99-100 %. Thus, the smallest concentration of extract is capable of acting on the germination of spores of the fungi. Only hexane extract did not inhibit the growth of strains. Methanol extract reduced the growth from 60 to 100% at 25 µl/ml. The detached fruits bioassays demonstrated the effectiveness of extracts on plant tissue when inoculated with P. megakarya zoospores. Conclusion and application of findings: Statistical analysis shows that methanol and acetone extracts are as effective as the tested fungicide on the growth and germination of zoospores, aqueous extract are effective as Ridomil ® on growth on the black pod disease of cocoa. These extracts could be used in the integrated pest management strategy of the plant pathogens tested.

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“…merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit busuk buah, kanker batang, dan hawar daun pada tanaman kakao (Guest & Keane, 2007;Evans, 2007;Deberdt et al, 2008). Serangan penyakit ini pada pertanaman kakao di dunia telah menyebabkan kehilangan hasil 20%-40% (Beding, Alimuddin, & Kanro, 2002;Sukamto & Pujiastuti, 2004), dan kehilangan hasil tersebut akan meningkat terutama di daerah dengan curah hujan dan kelembapan yang tinggi (McMahon & Purwantara, 2004).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Isolasi dan Seleksi Jamur Endofit Asal Tanaman Kakao Sebagai Agens Hayati Phytophthora palmivora Butl.

Harni¹,

Amaria²,

Khaerati³

et al. 2016

J. Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar

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ABSTRAKPhytophthora palmivora Butl. merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit busuk buah kakao (BBK) yang menimbulkan kerugian cukup besar bagi petani. Pengendalian P. palmivora yang banyak dianjurkan adalah pengendalian ramah lingkungan dengan menggunakan agens hayati seperti jamur endofit. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan jamur endofit asal tanaman kakao yang bekerja sebagai agens hayati terhadap P. palmivora patogen penyebab busuk buah kakao. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri), Sukabumi, mulai bulan Januari sampai Juli 2015. Eksplorasi jamur endofit dilakukan di beberapa daerah penghasil kakao, yaitu Sulawesi Tenggara, Lampung, dan Jawa Barat. Bahan tanaman kakao yang digunakan sebagai sampel adalah daun, buah, dan ranting dari beberapa varietas dan klon kakao. Isolat-isolat jamur endofit diisolasi, dimurnikan, dan diseleksi kinerjanya terhadap P. palmivora secara in vitro pada media PDA dan secara in vivo pada buah kakao. Hasil isolasi diperoleh 269 isolat jamur endofit dari beberapa daerah, yaitu 195 isolat dari Sulawesi Tenggara, 41 isolat dari Jawa Barat, dan 33 isolat dari Lampung. Hasil seleksi isolat jamur endofit terhadap P. palmivora diperoleh 4 isolat jamur dari marga Trichoderma yang potensial sebagai agens hayati untuk pengendalian P. palmivora, yaitu SWI, STII, PB5, dan SWII dengan daya hambat 70,33%; 68,89%; 67,43%; dan 66,67%.Kata kunci: Phytophthora palmivora Butl., busuk buah kakao, jamur endofit 70.33%; 68.89%; 67.43%; and 66.67%, respectively. ABSTRACT Phytophthora palmivora Butl. is a causal pathogen of black pod rot of cocoa (BPR) which leads to severe crop losses. Control of P. palmivora using biological agents such as endophytic fungi is most recommended for its environmentally friendly benefits. The aim of this research was to obtain endophytic fungi from cacao plant that works as biological agent against

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Impact of environmental factors, chemical fungicide and biological control on cacao pod production dynamics and black pod disease (Phytophthora megakarya) in Cameroon

Cited by 86 publications

References 12 publications

A new oil-based formulation of Trichoderma asperellum for the biological control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

A new oil-based formulation of Trichoderma asperellum for the biological control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

Effect of extracts of <i>Thevetia peruviana</i> (Pers.) K.Schum on development of <i>Phytophthora megakarya</i> causal agent of black pod disease of cocoa

Isolasi dan Seleksi Jamur Endofit Asal Tanaman Kakao Sebagai Agens Hayati Phytophthora palmivora Butl.

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