Impact of elevated CO₂ on growth, physiology, yield, and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) cv. Arka Ashish

Abstract

Tomato meets the dietary nutrient and antioxidant requirements of diverse populations. Being a C 3 crop and an important vegetable, it is likely to be influenced by increased CO 2 concentrations under climate change situation. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of elevated CO 2 on overall physiology, water relations, growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) cv. Arka Ashish. Plants were grown at elevated CO 2 [550 (EC 550 ) and 700 (EC 700 ) ppm of CO 2 ] in open top chambers. Increased assimilation rate, decreased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were observed at elevated CO 2 (EC) concentrations. Reduced leaf osmotic potential and increased water potential were observed at EC compared with the control (380 ppm of CO 2 ) in flowering and fruiting stages. Lower total chlorophyll content was recorded at EC 700 . Plant height was significantly higher at EC 550 compared with EC 700 . Higher number of branches was observed at EC 700 as compared with plants grown at EC 550 and the control. Leaf area was lower at EC 700 compared with EC 550 but specific leaf mass was higher at EC 700 . Due to higher leaf dry mass and root dry mass, the plants grown at EC 700 exhibited higher total dry mass compared to EC 550 and the control. Increased number of flowers and fruits together with higher fruit set led to higher fruit yield at both EC concentrations. The highest yield increase was observed at EC 700 . The fruits showed a lower content of phenols, flavonoids, ferric reducing antioxidant potential, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity in plants grown at EC as compared with the control. The ascorbic acid content was high at both EC 700 and EC 550 . Carotenoids and lycopene content was low at EC 700 compared to higher content observed at EC 550 and the control.

Increased CO2 and light intensity regulate growth and leaf gas exchange in tomato

“…Furthermore, it can reduce water consumption, thereby increasing dry matter production and yield via increased plant‐level water use efficiency (WUE plant ; Kaminski et al , Pazzagli et al , da Silva et al ). Moreover, elevated CO 2 also increases Pn while decreasing Tr, therefore increasing leaf‐level water use efficiency (WUE leaf ; Mamatha et al , Li et al ).…”

Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Combined with Supplemental Light Improve Growth and Quality of Plug Seedlings of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook. f.

“…These results agreed with those of a previous study. Mamatha et al [9] found that the total chlorophyll content was higher when plants were grown with 380 and 550 ppm CO2 than with 700 ppm CO2. In photosynthesis, chlorophyll is a vital component in the lightharvesting complex (LHC), which absorbs and transports photons to the reaction center of photosystems [57].…”

“…Under high CO 2 , a decrease in stomatal opening and reduction in stomatal conductance occurred in order to balance the rate of absorbing CO 2 and photosynthesis. Although the stomatal conductance decreased with elevated CO 2 , the photosynthesis increased with CO 2 enrichment [9,13,69]. The different characteristics of stomatal conductance between A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata may be because different species respond differently to the CO 2 concentration.…”

“…However, most studies have focused on the separation, extraction, and characteristics of the phytochemicals in A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata. Not much research has focused on the cultivation of those two species to obtain high-quality plug seedlings in a glasshouse.As a substrate of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has a remarkable influence on the plant growth, yield, and quality [9][10][11]. Within a certain concentration, an enrichment in the CO 2 concentration leads to an increase in the intercellular CO 2 concentration, which leads to higher quality and yield in crops, as observed in rice [12], wheat [13], and maize [14].…”

Elevated Carbon Dioxide Altered Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics, Ascorbic Acid Accumulation, and Related Gene Expression during Taproot Development in Carrots

“…The e[CO 2 ] also induced necrosis and chlorosis of leaves. In addition, plants show some morphological and physiological changes under e[CO 2 ] concentration (Mamatha et al, 2014). Under e[CO 2 ], a steep CO 2 concentration gradient was observed between the outside and inside of the leaf, allowing great amounts of CO 2 to diffuse into the leaf (Singh and Agrawal, 2015).…”