Impact of Element Pattern on the Performance of GNSS Power-Inversion Adaptive Arrays

Abstract

Power-inversion (PI) adaptive arrays are widely used in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers for interference mitigation. The effects of element patterns on the performance of PI adaptive arrays are investigated in this paper. To this end, the performance of adaptive arrays is investigated by Monte Carlo simulations, using CST Microwave Studio (Dassault Systems, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France) to calculate the radiation patterns of circular microstrip elements which are used to compute the adaptive weight and the adaptive array gain. It is shown that the performance of PI adaptive arrays is mainly dependent on the gain pattern of the reference antenna element rather than the non-reference elements because the algorithm essentially pushes the elements into an unequal position. Furthermore, the results show that the impact of mutual coupling on the performance of the antenna array can be associated with the radiation patterns of the reference element, which is helpful in selecting the optimum reference element without increasing computational complexity, especially for small GNSS arrays.

Robust Spoofing Detection for GNSS Array Instrumentation Based on C/N 0 Difference Measurements

“…Therefore, we consider to choose the power inversion (PI), which is the most popular and effective criterion used in modern GNSS array receivers based on minimizing the total output power [31], [32]. The PI algorithm require no prior information of the received signal and adapt to form the nulling toward the strong interfering signals [33]. Mathematically, the complex weight vector can be calculated as…”

“…The IF signals of Beidou B3I and interference including jamming and spoofing were generated by an array signal simulator based on MATLAB software, which we have developed in [33]. We considered two signal scenarios both of which have a length of 3 s. One contains authentic satellite signals while the other contains spoofed signals incident from the same direction.…”

Characterization of Tiled Architecture for C-Band 1-Bit Beam-Steering Transmitarray

“…After sampling and retardation of the incident spherical wavefront, the complex amplitude antenna pattern of the transmitarray, , can be calculated by the pattern multiplication principle, as follows: where and are, respectively, the unit-cell amplitude and phase patterns on transmit, and are azimuthal and polar angles in the spherical CS with the origin at the center of the transmitarray aperture and the polar direction aligned with the transmitarray optical axis, -complex amplitudes of the waves radiated by each unit cell, and -the corresponding complex transmission coefficients. Equation (2) enables accounting for the effect of the finite array on the standalone pattern of the element, [ 14 ]. Also, the unit-cell radiation pattern is assumed to be independent of the transmission coefficient, i.e., of the specific phase shift for the phase-modulated transmitarray.…”

Impacts of Phase Noise on the Anti-Jamming Performance of Power Inversion Algorithm

“…Adaptive beamforming [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] is widely used for anti-jamming in wireless communications, which suppresses interferences by forming array beam nulls in the directions of the interferers. The power inversion (PI) algorithm [ 4 , 5 , 6 ] is one of the known adaptive beamforming algorithms that has been found to have abundant applications in wireless communication and navigation systems. In practice, the performance of the PI algorithm is affected by non-ideal factors of the hardware [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”