Impact of Dietary or Drinking Water Ruminococcus sp. Supplementation and/or Heat Stress on Growth, Histopathology, and Bursal Gene Expression of Broilers

Abstract

This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of dietary or drinking water Ruminococcus sp. supplementation and/or heat stress (HS) on the growth, serum biochemistry, tissue antioxidant, phagocytic assay, histopathology, and bursa gene expression of broilers. Day-old broiler chicks were allotted into six groups according to HS and/or Ruminococcus with or without enzyme supplementation. The first group was the control one, with a formulated diet and normal environmental temperature but without any supplement. The second group fed on Ruminococcus-supplemented diet (1 kg/kg diet). The third group fed on a formulated diet without supplement, and Ruminococcus and digestive enzymes were given in drinking water (0.1 ml/L). The fourth one was the heat stress group, with a normal formulated diet. The fifth and the sixth groups served as second and third groups, respectively, but with heat stress. The results of this experiment indicated that thermal temperature negatively affected the parameters of growth performance, serum biochemical, tissue antioxidants, and phagocytic assay. Moreover, heat stress led to pathological lesions in the internal organs and affected the expression of some genes related to heat stress, including proapoptotic genes such as caspase8 and bax, inflammatory genes such as NF-κβ1, and heat shock protein such as HSP 70 in the bursal tissue. These bad effects and abnormalities were mitigated by Ruminococcus alone or with enzyme supplementation, which improved all the above-mentioned parameters.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce dose-dependent toxicosis in broiler chickens reared in summer season

“…Shortly after slaughter, small specimens from the thymus, spleen, kidneys, liver, and bursa of control and treated chicks were obtained. For fixation, the obtained samples were cleaned and soaked in 10% neutral buffered formalin liquid for 48 h. The paraffin-embedding technique was used to prepare the fixed samples (Saad et al 2021;Sato et al 1986, Wright andManos 1990). Several 4 mm in thick sections were cut and dyed with hematoxylin and eosin on a regular basis.…”

“…A real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the precise expression of inflammatory genes (IL-B1 and TNF-α) in muscle tissues (Dosoky et al 2021;Saad et al 2021). TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen/Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and NanoDrop for quantification were utilized for RNA extraction from ~ 100 mg muscle.…”

Untargeted metabolomics unravel serum metabolic alterations in smokers with hypertension

“…Butyrate-producing bacteria are considered as a group of beneficial bacteria that produce butytric acids through fermenting dietary fiber (Nylund et al, 2015). For example, the Gram-positive gut bacteria Ruminococcus, has been demonstrated to be quite enriched under health status but markedly depleted in numerous diseases including human motor neuron disease (Rowin et al, 2017;Saad et al, 2021). Besides, Bacillus clausii was verified to possess immunomodulatory activity, and play important role in regulating cell growth and differentiation, cell adhesion, signal transcription and transduction, vitamin production and protection of the intestine from genotoxic agents.…”

Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Thermal Stress Response: Gallus gallus domesticus Show Low Immune Responses During Heat Stress

“…A total of eight experiments from eight studies (Hosseini-Vashan et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2018;Chegini et al, 2019;He et al, 2019;Hirakawa et al, 2020;Abudabos et al, 2021;Saad et al, 2021) reported comparative immune organ masses between the Heat stress and Control groups. Notably, no heterogeneity was found, and there was a significant difference between the Heat stress and Control groups; thus, the random-effects model was applied (I 2 = 0%, P = 0.94, 1.00, 0.98) (Figures 2A-C).…”

“…A total of six experiments from six studies (Del Vesco et al, 2015;Awad et al, 2020;Beckford et al, 2020;Jiang et al, 2020;Saad et al, 2021;Zampiga et al, 2021) reported a comparative mortality rate between the Heat stress and Control groups. Significant heterogeneity was found, and a significant difference was found between the Heat stress and Control groups, indicating that the random-effects model is to be applied (I 2 = 63%, P =0.02) (Figure 6A).…”