Impact of diabetes mellitus on immunity to latent tuberculosis infection

Kumar, Nathella Pavan; Babu, Subash

doi:10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1095467

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Some studies have suggested that diabetes may increase the risk of acquiring a latent tuberculosis infection, and it might also be associated with an increased risk of progressing from latent tuberculosis to active TB disease. Diabetes could impair immune function, making individuals more susceptible to infections, including tuberculosis [ 24 ]. A systematic review indicated that the cohort study revealed an increased but nonsignificant risk of LTBI among diabetics, but, for the cross-sectional studies, they reached a small and marginally significant relationship between diabetes and LTBI risk [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Exposure and the Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Results from NHANES 2011–2012

Hu,

Liu,

Shao

et al. 2024

Toxics

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The association between smoking exposure and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has been investigated in a few studies; however, further investigation is needed. In this study, the 2011–2012 NHANES population was used to evaluate smoking exposure and LTBI risk. A total of 7042 participants with available LTBI results and without active tuberculosis were included for analysis. Smoking was defined as participants who smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their life. Both univariable and multivariable analysis were adopted to evaluate smoking exposure, as well as related factors on the risk of LTBI. LTBI rates among current smokers (12.1%) and former smokers (9.9%) were higher than non-smokers (5.9%). However, current smokers and former smokers were not significantly associated with LTBI risk when compared to non-smokers after adjusting by age and sex in the multivariable analysis. Meanwhile, we found that passive smoking was not associated with LTBI (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 0.85; 95%CI, 0.66–1.09). In multivariable analysis, current smoking was associated with LTBI (OR, 1.67; 95%CI, 1.28–2.19), while former smokers had an increased OR of LTBI, but the OR did not reach statistical significance (OR, 1.15; 95%CI, 0.90–1.48). Household tuberculosis (TB) contact was also related to LTBI (OR, 1.93; 95%CI, 1.25–2.99). However, BMI and diabetes were not found to be associated with LTBI. Smoking, especially current smoking, was significantly associated with LTBI. LTBI screening should be recommended for active smokers. Former smoking and passive smoking exposure were not found to have a significant relationship with LTBI risk. However, the high LTBI rate among quitters indicated we should pay more attention to former smokers with LTBI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Exposure and the Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Results from NHANES 2011–2012

Hu,

Liu,

Shao

et al. 2024

Toxics

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“…Due to the host's innate immunity and adaptive immunity, this bacteria can remain dormant for decades [3][4][5] . Approximately a quarter of the global population is estimated to be infected, with 5-10% of those infected developing active TB [5][6][7] . According to the Global Tuberculosis Report 2022, China ranks third among countries with a high TB burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of Screen for Tuberculosis among Freshmen in Changping District, Beijing, China

Cao,

Song,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Screening for Tuberculosis (TB) is a critical tactic for minimizing the prevalence of illness within schools. Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT), in turn, effectively staves off the development of TB from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Unfortunately, there is limited research on LTBI and TPT among students. This study aimed to assess LTBI in freshmen and advocate for the implementation of TPT. Methods The prospective study collected data from 12 educational institutions within the Changping District of Beijing. Using statistical methods, we analyzed potential factors impacting the LTBI rate, and scrutinized the possible causes behind the low application of TPT and its efficacy for LTBI treatment. Results Among 19872 freshmen included in this study, 18 active TB cases (91/10,0000) and 2236 LTBI cases (11.6%) were identifided, respectively. Furthermore, of those with LTBI, 1045 (5.4%) showed a strong positive for purified protein derivative (PPD), but only 312 opted for TB preventive treatment. There appeared to be no significant difference in the prevalence of LTBI and TPT rate between male and female students. Concurrently, 11 (71/100,000) and 7 (158/100,000) cases of active tuberculosis were identified in 6 universities and 6 higher vocational colleges, respectively. Interestingly, almost all freshmen who underwent TPT came from universities, suggesting a statistically significant disparity in TPT rate (χ2 = 139.829, P < 0.001) between these two types of educational institutions. Meanwhile, as for the age-wise distribution of latent infection among 17–20 years old freshmen, the LTBI rate exhibited 10.5%, 11.6%, 12.1% and 13.5%, respectively. Correlation between LTBI rate, the strong positive rate was statistically significant among different ages (χ2 = 34.559, P < 0.001). Over a follow-up period of 2 years, three students were diagnosed with active tuberculosis, one of which was resistant to rifampicin. All three students manifested a strong positive for PPD and declined preventive treatment during TB screening. Conclusions The data indicates a high rate of LTBI amongst students in areas with a heavy TB burden, potentially leading to cross-regional TB transmission due to the migration of students. Education level might contribute to the limited uptake of TPT. Therefore, improving the implementation of TB preventive treatments is crucial in controlling and preventing TB across schools.

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“…Due to the host's innate immunity and adaptive immunity, this bacteria can remain dormant for decades [ 4 – 6 ]. Approximately a quarter of the global population is estimated to be infected, with 5% to 10% of those infected developing active TB [ 6 – 8 ]. According to the Global Tuberculosis Report 2022, China ranks third among countries with a high TB burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis screening characteristics amongst freshmen in Changping District, Beijing, China

Cao,

Song,

et al. 2023

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Screening for Tuberculosis (TB) is a critical tactic for minimizing the prevalence of illness within schools. Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT), in turn, effectively staves off the development of TB from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Unfortunately, there is limited research on LTBI and TPT among students. This study aimed to assess LTBI among freshmen in Changping District and advocate for the implementation of TPT. Methods The prospective study collected data from 12 educational institutions within the Changping District of Beijing. The Kolmogorov − Smirnov test and other statistical methods were used for statistical analysis, $${x}^{2}$$ x 2 was obtained using the formula $${x}^{2}=$$ x 2 = nΣA2/nRnC-1, df = (C-1) (R-1). We analyzed potential factors impacting the LTBI rate, and scrutinized the possible causes behind the low application of TPT and its efficacy for LTBI treatment, China. Results Among 19,872 freshmen included in this study, 18 active TB cases (91 per 10,0000) and 2236 LTBI cases (11.6% of 19,223) were identified, respectively. Furthermore, of those with LTBI, 1045 (5.4% of 19,223) showed a strong positive for purified protein derivative (PPD), but only 312 opted for TB preventive treatment. There appeared to be no significant difference in the prevalence of LTBI and TPT rate between male and female students. Concurrently, 11 (71 per 100,000) and 7 (158 per 100,000) cases of active tuberculosis were identified in 6 universities and 6 higher vocational colleges, respectively. Interestingly, almost all freshmen who underwent TPT came from universities, suggesting a statistically significant disparity in TPT rate (χ2 = 139.829, P < 0.001) between these two types of educational institutions. Meanwhile, as for the age-wise distribution of latent infection among 17–20 years old freshmen, the LTBI rate exhibited 10.5%, 11.6%, 12.1% and 13.5%, respectively. Correlation between LTBI rate, the strong positive rate was statistically significant among different ages (χ2 = 34.559, P < 0.001). Over a follow-up period of 2 years, three students were diagnosed with active tuberculosis, one of which was resistant to rifampicin. All three students manifested a strong positive for PPD and declined preventive treatment during TB screening. Conclusions The data indicates a high rate of LTBI amongst students in areas with a heavy TB burden, potentially leading to cross-regional TB transmission due to the migration of students. Education level might contribute to the limited uptake of TPT. Therefore, improving the implementation of TB preventive treatments is crucial in controlling and preventing TB across schools.

show abstract

Impact of diabetes mellitus on immunity to latent tuberculosis infection

Cited by 5 publications

References 72 publications

Smoking Exposure and the Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Results from NHANES 2011–2012

Smoking Exposure and the Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Results from NHANES 2011–2012

The Characteristics of Screen for Tuberculosis among Freshmen in Changping District, Beijing, China

Tuberculosis screening characteristics amongst freshmen in Changping District, Beijing, China

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