Impact of COVID-19 on Clinical Research and Inclusion of Diverse Populations

Lackland, Daniel T.; Sims‐Robinson, Catrina; Buie, Joy N. Jones; Voeks, Jenifer H.

doi:10.18865/ed.30.3.429

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…9,[19][20][21] This requires conduction of international clinical trials and recruitments of subjects from different countries to cover most of the populations' backgrounds. 22,23 Among the suggested obstacles of the conduction of COVID-19 clinical trials is hesitancy to participate in such studies. 24 The present findings reported the willingness of Jordanians to participate in the clinical trials of…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Public Willingness to Participate in COVID-19 Vaccine Clinical Trials: A Study from Jordan</p>

Farha

Alzoubi

Khabour

2020

PPA

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Purpose The development and production of novel vaccine to prevent COVID-19 is an international imperative to human lives. For that purpose, clinical trials have to be carried out as per international ethical standards. The current study was undertaken to examine the willingness to participate in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials and to determine factors that might affect their decision to participate. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional survey study was carried out among the public in Jordan. During the study period, a convenience sample of adults (aged 18 years or above) were asked to participate via an online self-administered survey that was designed to evaluate the willingness to participate in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials and to determine factors affecting their decision to participate. Results Results showed that, among participants (n=1,287), 36.1% reported to be willing to participate in clinical trials of the vaccine. Additionally, a lower percentage (18.1%) were willing to allow their children to participate. Motivators that encourage participation were the desire to return to normal life (73.2%), followed by the desire to help in finding a treatment for COVID-19 infection (68.1%). Barriers towards the participation were not wanting to be challenged by the virus (54.7%), fear (40.7%), lack of time (40.4%), and mistrust in pharmaceutical companies (38.9%). Finally, results showed that higher educational level was associated with lower willingness to participate ( P =0.001), whereas having a previous participation in clinical studies is associated with a significantly higher willingness to participate in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials ( P <0.001). Conclusion A good portion of Jordanians are positive regarding participation in clinical studies of COVID-19 vaccine. Educational level and previous participation in clinical studies were among the determinants of such willingness. In addition, fear and lack of time were among the barriers of participation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Public Willingness to Participate in COVID-19 Vaccine Clinical Trials: A Study from Jordan</p>

Farha

Alzoubi

Khabour

2020

PPA

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“…The framework identifies opportunities for four key opportunities for intervention and action research that emphasize equity: (1) increase healthy options (e.g., increase access to healthy food retailers), (2) reduce deterrents (e.g., address threats to personal safety), (3) improve social and economic resources (e.g., offer nutrition assistance programs), and (4) build on community capacity (e.g., build strategic partnerships). Using the GTE framework [ 32 ], relevant scientific literature [ 4 , 33 – 38 ], and information from various health-focused organizations (e.g., No Kid Hungry, Feeding America, CDC, FDA) [ 27 , 28 , 30 , 39 ], we drafted evidence-based guidelines for increasing the equity impact of an emergency meal distribution system during a pandemic. Guidelines were organized into four areas of action, similarly to the GTE framework (see Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, ensuring health and safety of children, families, and food service staff is an important component to maintaining access to emergency school meals [ 34 , 40 ]. In relation to reducing deterrents, literature and guidance points to the need to address barriers to accessing meals such as discrimination/stigma, language barriers, and safe access [ 33 – 35 , 41 ]. As such, we were interested in the degree to which districts empowered children and families through inclusivity and attempted to reduce fears of discrimination through communication and outreach.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Food Insecurity through a Health Equity Lens: a Case Study of Large Urban School Districts during the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2020

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Reduced access to school meals during public health emergencies can accelerate food insecurity and nutritional status, particularly for low-income children in urban areas. To prevent the exacerbation of health disparities, there is a need to understand the implementation of meal distribution among large urban school districts during emergencies and to what degree these strategies provide equitable meal access. Our case study of four large urban school districts during the COVID-19 pandemic aims to address these knowledge gaps. Guided by the Getting to Equity (GTE) framework, we conducted a mixed-methods study evaluating emergency meal distribution and strategy implementation in four large urban school districts (Chicago Public Schools, Houston Independent School District, Los Angeles Unified School District, and New York City Department of Education). We gathered data from school district websites on (1) meal service and delivery sites and (2) district documents, policies, communication, and resources. Using qualitative coding approaches, we identified unique and shared district strategies to address meal distribution and communications during the pandemic according to the four components of the GTE framework: increase healthy options, reduce deterrents, build on community capacity, and increase social and economic resources. We matched district census tract boundaries to demographic data from the 2018 American Community Survey and United States Department of Agriculture food desert data, and used geographic information systems (GIS) software to identify meal site locations relative to student population, areas of high poverty and high minority populations, and food deserts. We found that all districts developed strategies to optimize meal provision, which varied across case site. Strategies to increase healthy options included serving adults and other members of the general public, providing timely information on meal site locations, and promoting consumption of a balanced diet. The quantity and frequency of meals served varied, and the degree to which districts promoted high-quality nutrition was limited. Reducing deterrents related to using inclusive language and images and providing safety information on social distancing practices in multiple languages. Districts built community capacity through partnering with first responder, relief, and other community organizations. Increased social and economic resources were illustrated by providing technology assistance to families, childcare referrals for essential workers, and other wellness resources. Geospatial analysis suggests that service locations across cities varied to some degree by demographics and food environment, with potential gaps in reach. This study identifies strategies that have the potential to increase equitable access to nutrition assistance programs. Our findings can support (1) ongoing efforts to address child food insecurity during the pandemic and (2) future meal provision through programs like the Summer Food Service Program and Seam...

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“…However, there might be fewer RCTs in the several years due to the worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 in uencing the conduction of RCTs. 13 The top three journals published about 1/3 of all the RCTs, especially the AP&T, far more than other journals. However, AP&T and AJG published few RCTs after 2005.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Trends of Publication of Randomized Controlled Trials of Helicobacter Pylori Research

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Since the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) on H. pylori was published in 1987, many RCTs were reported and major advances have been achieved in H. pylori research. This study aimed to use the PubMed to synthetically analyze the global trends of publication of the RCTs of H. pylori research from 1983 to 2020. Methods A computerized literature search was performed based on PubMed (1983–Dec 31, 2020). The relevant RCTs on H. pylori research were identified. We analyzed the papers and calculated the data with the publishing items of RCTs. Results The literature search involved 25,915 papers and 1,550 RCTs. These 1,550 RCTs were published from 1987 to 2020, with 2 ones in 1987 (the least) and 102 ones in 1999 (the most). These RCTs were published in 266 journals, with 259 ones in Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics (AP&T). These RCTs originated from 72 countries, with 236 from China, followed by 184 from Italy and 147 from Japan. The leading productive affiliation was Baylor College of Medicine (34 RCTs). The leading paper of the ten most highly-cited RCTs had 974 citations, and the mean number of citations was 584. Conclusions The publication of H. pylori RCTs reached a peak at 1999 and then declined gradually after 2003. The leading journal publishing H. pylori RCTs was AP&T. The most productive countries were China, Italy, Japan, USA and UK. This bibliometric analysis can help relevant researchers take an overall view of global H. pylori research, and determine the direction of further research.

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Impact of COVID-19 on Clinical Research and Inclusion of Diverse Populations

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

<p>Public Willingness to Participate in COVID-19 Vaccine Clinical Trials: A Study from Jordan</p>

<p>Public Willingness to Participate in COVID-19 Vaccine Clinical Trials: A Study from Jordan</p>

Addressing Food Insecurity through a Health Equity Lens: a Case Study of Large Urban School Districts during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Global Trends of Publication of Randomized Controlled Trials of Helicobacter Pylori Research

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