Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smoking and vaping: systematic review and meta-analysis

Bakaloudi, Dimitra Rafailia; Evripidou, Kleo; Siargkas, Antonios; Breda, João; Chourdakis, M.

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2023.02.007

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…With the disruption of daily routines, social isolation, and concerns about health and financial stability, individuals may have turned to substance use as a way to manage their anxiety and emotional distress [ 18 ]. Notably, smoking, marijuana, and vaping were among the substances most commonly initiated or increased during this period, which is consistent with previous studies [ 27 – 29 ]. This pattern could be partly attributed to the ease of accessibility of these substances, especially considering the legal status of marijuana for adult use in New York State since March 2021 [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Substance Use Patterns and Their Association with Depression and Social Factors During COVID-19 Among Harlem Residents in New York City

Vu,

Dario,

Mateu-Gelabert

et al. 2023

J Community Health

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This study aimed to identify the prevalence of substance use before and during COVID-19; and examined its association with depression and social factors among 437 residents from the neighborhood of Harlem in Northern Manhattan, New York City. Over a third of respondents reported using any substance before COVID-19, and initiating/increasing substance use during COVID-19. The most common substances used before COVID-19 and initiated/increased during COVID-19 were smoking (20.8% vs. 18.3%), marijuana (18.8% vs. 15.3%), and vaping (14.2% and 11.4%). The percentages of any hard drug use were 7.3% and 3.4%, respectively. After adjustment, residents with mild (Prevalence Ratio [PR] = 2.86, 95% CI 1.65, 4.92) and moderate (PR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.86, 5.56) symptoms of depression, and housing insecurity (PR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.12, 1.91) had at least a 47% greater probability of initiating and/or increasing substance use. Conversely, respondents with employment insecurity (PR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.57, 0.88) were 29% less likely to report such patterns. No association was found between substance use initiation and/or increase and food insecurity. High prevalence of substance use during COVID-19 may lead residents to turn to substance use as a coping mechanism for psychosocial stressors. Thus, it is essential to provide accessible and culturally sensitive mental health and substance use services.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Substance Use Patterns and Their Association with Depression and Social Factors During COVID-19 Among Harlem Residents in New York City

Vu,

Dario,

Mateu-Gelabert

et al. 2023

J Community Health

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“…EVALI-reported cases declined rapidly in January 2020, just prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States 20 21 . However, confinement led to major changes in peopleʼs lifestyle habits, including smoking and vaping increased significantly among adolescents and young adults 22 23 .…”

Section: Evali and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

E-cigarette use-associated lung injury (EVALI)

Tituana,

Clavijo,

Espinoza

et al. 2023

Pneumologie

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The prevalence of vaping has overtaken conventional cigarettes as the most frequent form of nicotine consumption among 15–24-year olds. There are currently a large number of both legitimate and illegitimate products and suppliers offering more than 8000 different flavors of vape on the market, whose additives are not tested, studied or regulated and whose safety and toxicity profile remains unknown. In vitro studies have demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in the viability of normal human bronchial epithelial cells after exposure to vapor from electronic vape devices.Short- and medium-term studies to date indicate that vapor-induced pulmonary lesions are the most serious and commonly reported side effect; such lesions include bilateral ground glass opacities in lung bases with subpleural preservation, bilateral infiltrates, pleural effusion, pneumomediastinum and nodular opacities. Cases of EVALI have been described in patients with daily exposure, as well as in users who reported having been exposed to these substances at least once a month. The most frequently inhaled substances are THC, flavored liquids of unknown content, and nicotine.The clinical manifestations of dyspnea and cough are the most frequent respiratory symptomatology, in addition to constitutional manifestations such as fever and chills, and gastrointestinal manifestations such as vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea. To these can be added the presence of tachypnea, tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, hypoxia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia and elevated ESR.

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“…4 The adverse effects of smoking on vulnerability to respiratory infections are well-established. 11,12 Nevertheless, the lack of association between current smoking and COVID-19 outcomes in some studies [13][14][15][16][17][18] may not be surprising given that the effects of testing and vaccination for COVID-19 among tobacco users have been understudied using large, nationally representative samples. In fact, current evidence on the association between smoking and COVID-19 risk is inadequate and conflicting, highlighting the need for consistent national studies with rigorous study designs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the lack of association between current smoking and COVID‐19 outcomes in some studies 13–18 may not be surprising given that the effects of testing and vaccination for COVID‐19 among tobacco users have been understudied using large, nationally representative samples. In fact, current evidence on the association between smoking and COVID‐19 risk is inadequate and conflicting, highlighting the need for consistent national studies with rigorous study designs 18 . A cohort study 13 of vaccination against COVID indicated that vaccination was protective against death, with emphasis on current and former smokers relative to never smokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, current evidence on the association between smoking and COVID‐19 risk is inadequate and conflicting, highlighting the need for consistent national studies with rigorous study designs. 18 A cohort study 13 of vaccination against COVID indicated that vaccination was protective against death, with emphasis on current and former smokers relative to never smokers. Although evidence shows a lessened serological response to COVID‐19 vaccines in smokers, 19 among vaccinated patients, current smokers had the lowest mortality rate, and former smokers and never‐smokers had comparable rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID‐19 and tobacco products use among US adults, 2021 National Health Interview Survey

Ebrahimi Kalan,

Jebai,

et al. 2023

Health Science Reports

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BackgroundSmoking and vaping are linked to lung inflammation and lowered immune response.ObjectiveExamine the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases, testing, symptoms, and vaccine uptake, and associations with tobacco product use.MethodsData came from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey. The 2021 Sample Adult component included 29,482 participants with a response rate of 50.9%. We investigated COVID‐19‐related outcomes by tobacco product use status and reported national estimates. Multivariable regression models were performed accounting for demographics (e.g., age, sex, poverty level), serious psychological distress, disability, and chronic health conditions.ResultsIn our regression analyses, odds of self‐reported COVID‐19 infection were significantly lower for combustible tobacco product users (vs. nonusers; adjusted odds ratio [AOR = 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62–0.85]). Combustible tobacco users also were less likely to report ever testing for COVID‐19 (AOR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.79–0.98), ever testing positive for COVID‐19 (AOR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.56–0.77), and ever receiving COVID‐19 vaccine (AOR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.51–0.66) compared with their nonuser peers. Compared to nonusers, users of any type of tobacco who contracted COVID‐19 had higher odds of losing smell (AOR = 1.36; 95%CI = 1.04–1.77), which was more pronounced among exclusive e‐cigarette users. The odds of receiving vaccine were lower for all current exclusive tobacco product users compared to nonusers (AORs = 0.40 to 0.70).ConclusionsContinued monitoring of tobacco product use and its association with respiratory diseases such as COVID‐19 is crucial to inform public health policies and programs. In addition, efforts to promote vaccination, especially among tobacco product users, are warranted.

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Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smoking and vaping: systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 112 publications

Substance Use Patterns and Their Association with Depression and Social Factors During COVID-19 Among Harlem Residents in New York City

Substance Use Patterns and Their Association with Depression and Social Factors During COVID-19 Among Harlem Residents in New York City

E-cigarette use-associated lung injury (EVALI)

COVID‐19 and tobacco products use among US adults, 2021 National Health Interview Survey

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