Impact of climate and management variables on stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) growing in Chile

Muñoz, Verónica Loewe; Delard, Claudia; Balzarini, Mónica; Contreras, Andrea Alvarez; Navarro-Cerrillo, Rafael M.

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.08.248

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A total of 30 plantations from the above-described survey (see their description in table 1) were matched in 15 pairs of similar age and site characteristics and different planting density: high density (on average 1,667 trees ha -1 ) and medium density (on average 500 trees ha -1 ). Considering the regional differences in cone yield reported by Calama et al (2016), the 15 pairs were distributed across the three macrozones delimited for the species in Chile by Loewe et al (2015) (figure 1). (Soares et al 2013) and is used as an expression of the site index.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Management techniques for P. pinea cropping for cone production were proposed (Loewe et al 2017b), including techniques commonly used in horticulture, such as fertilization and irrigation. Considering that the vegetative growth of the species across the species macrozones in Chile (Loewe et al 2015) is higher than in its native area, we hypothesize that the highest density reduces diameter growth and cone yield. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of medium and high P. pinea planting density on (1) diameter and height growth, and (2) cone yield across three macrozones of Chile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stone pine (Pinus pinea) growth and cone yield as a function of planting density in Chile

Muñoz¹,

Río²,

Balzarini

2020

Bosque (Valdivia)

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Pinus pinea (stone pine) is an important species for its delicious seeds -the pine nuts-, the most expensive dry fruit worldwide. In native habitats, planting density is a key silvicultural tool in this highly heliophile species due to its impact on growth and cone yield. In Chile, the densities of adult plantations are medium and high. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of density on growth and cone yield in established plantations. Thirty plantations, 15 at high density (1,667 trees ha -1 ) and 15 at medium density (500 trees ha -1 ), were matched into 15 pairs of similar plantations regarding age and site characteristics. Planting density had a significant impact on P. pinea growth and cone yield. The medium density was associated with 46 % higher diameter-at-breast-height (DBH) and 2.8 times higher cone yield than those presented by a high-density plantation scheme. However, at 500 trees ha -1 , average tree height might turn cone harvesting difficult and expensive. In humid areas (Chilean South macrozone), the medium planting density had a more important effect on cone yield than on growth. Our study confirms previous research in stone pine native habitats and highlights the need to find an optimum planting density to favor cone yield and harvest.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stone pine (Pinus pinea) growth and cone yield as a function of planting density in Chile

Muñoz¹,

Río²,

Balzarini

2020

Bosque (Valdivia)

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“…Annual average temperature above 14.3 °C in Chile was found to reduce DBH growth (Loewe et al 2015). Coincidently, in drought-prone sites, P. sylvestris onset and end of stem growth were found to be controlled not only by water availability but also by air temperature (Thabeet et al 2009).…”

Section: Short-term Diameter Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An observational study of stone pine plantations in Chile reported significant effects of irrigation on diameter growth (Loewe et al 2015) and fruiting (cone number tree −1 ) (Loewe et al 2016). The understanding of the annual dynamics of stem diameter growth is useful to define management strategies oriented to enhance growth and consequently cone yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term stem diameter variations in irrigated and non-irrigated stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) trees in a xeric non-native environment

Loewe-Muñoz¹,

Río²,

Delard³

et al. 2021

Annals of Forest Science

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Key Message Irrigation of adult stone pine trees growing in a xeric non-native habitat had positive effects not only in stem diameter growth but also in tree response to climatic variability.• Context Stone pine is a key species from Mediterranean Europe increasingly planted in South America. The knowledge about irrigation impact on short-term stem diameter dynamics is still limited in non-native arid areas.• Aims To improve our understanding of the effect of irrigation on (1) stem diameter changes of stone pine trees in a droughtprone environment in Chile and (2) the sensitivity of the species to weather conditions. • Methods We studied daily stem diameter changes in irrigated and non-irrigated 31-year-old stone pine trees during a growing season with below average precipitation in Chile. Short-term diameter changes were recorded using high-resolution dendrometers. The detrended daily stem diameter changes, expressing tree water status, were correlated with weather variability in both irrigated and non-irrigated trees. • ResultsThe growth period lasted longer and the cumulative sum of daily changes increased by 130% in irrigated trees. Moreover, a similar correlation of tree water status with climatic variables was found in non-irrigated, with the exception of precipitation.• Conclusion Irrigation increased stone pine productivity in this xeric environment and reduced the correlations between daily stem diameter variations and local climatic variability.

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“…P. pinea L. forests are found locally in Koçarlı (Aydın) as well as Muğla and Denizli (Varol and Tatli, 2002;Varol et al, 2003;Varol, 2004;Varol and Tel, 2010). P. pinea L. has been assessed according to climate variables in the Mediterranean basin, for making evaluations with different aspects (Loewe and Delard, 2012;Muñoz et al, 2015). The history of forest communities in the Mediterranean is a history of forest fragmentation, degradation and eventually deforestation, but also of temporary natural expansion of the forests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of forest fragmentation with particular reference to landscape-based ecological assessment and wildlife conservation

Gülçin¹,

Yilmaz²

2020

Turkish Journal of Forestry | Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi

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Landscapes are composed of diverse units that associate with each other, and these units have different functions both in ecology and physiognomy. Thus, evaluating landscape character plays an important role for conserving biodiversity , as well as spatial planning and management of habitats and landscapes. Determining and analyzing environmental factors is an important part of assessing the conservation value of landscape types. For its ecological value, stone pine, botanical name Pinus pinea L. was chosen to be evaluated according to the environmental parameters in this research, because of its scattered distribution around the Mediterranean basin. Although P. pinea L. does not have a widespread distribution, it is naturally found in five regions of Turkey. This research was conducted in three provinces (Muğla, Denizli, and Aydın), located in western Anatolia. Maps representing different classes of soil, geology, aspect, and slope were overlaid in ArcMap 10.5, and characterized by Landscape Character Assessment (LCA). A total of 309 character types were determined, according to tree species composition, represented by 4 variants of the P. pinea L. community. To assess fragmentation among 34 different stands, landscape metrics were calculated using Fragstats v4.2 software. Potential range for regenerating stone pine stands was suggested in this paper, which can be considered as habitat corridors providing connectivity between mature stands. Spatial variation in bird species composition, reflecting wildlife richness, was evaluated as evidence for forest fragmentation.

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Impact of climate and management variables on stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) growing in Chile

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Stone pine (Pinus pinea) growth and cone yield as a function of planting density in Chile

Stone pine (Pinus pinea) growth and cone yield as a function of planting density in Chile

Short-term stem diameter variations in irrigated and non-irrigated stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) trees in a xeric non-native environment

Evaluation of forest fragmentation with particular reference to landscape-based ecological assessment and wildlife conservation

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