Impact of basin architecture on diagenesis and dolomitization in a fault-bounded carbonate platform: outcrop analogue of a pre-salt carbonate reservoir, Red Sea rift, NW Saudi Arabia

Al‐Ramadan, Khalid; Koeshidayatullah, Ardiansyah; Cantrell, Dave L.; Swart, Peter K.

doi:10.1144/petgeo2018-125

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Recent studies have shown that the convection of seawater along fault planes and basal clastic aquifers can explain the formation of fault‐related dolomite from hydrothermal fluids (Martin‐Martin et al ., ; Hollis et al ., ; Al‐Ramadan et al, ). These models require that faults are open to the sea floor, as often occurs within extensional basins (Hollis et al ., ; Hirani et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating new fault‐controlled hydrothermal dolomitization models: Insights from the Cambrian Dolomite, Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin

et al. 2020

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Fault‐controlled hydrothermal dolomitization in tectonically complex basins can occur at any depth and from different fluid compositions, including ‘deep‐seated’, ‘crustal’ or ‘basinal’ brines. Nevertheless, many studies have failed to identify the actual source of these fluids, resulting in a gap in our knowledge on the likely source of magnesium of hydrothermal dolomitization. With development of new concepts in hydrothermal dolomitization, the study aims in particular to test the hypothesis that dolomitizing fluids were sourced from either seawater, ultramafic carbonation or a mixture between the two by utilizing the Cambrian Mount Whyte Formation as an example. Here, the large‐scale dolostone bodies are fabric‐destructive with a range of crystal fabrics, including euhedral replacement (RD1) and anhedral replacement (RD2). Since dolomite is cross‐cut by low amplitude stylolites, dolomitization is interpreted to have occurred shortly after deposition, at a very shallow depth (<1 km). At this time, there would have been sufficient porosity in the mudstones for extensive dolomitization to occur, and the necessary high heat flows and faulting associated with Cambrian rifting to transfer hot brines into the near surface. While the δ18Owater and 87Sr/86Sr ratios values of RD1 are comparable with Cambrian seawater, RD2 shows higher values in both parameters. Therefore, although aspects of the fluid geochemistry are consistent with dolomitization from seawater, very high fluid temperature and salinity could be suggestive of mixing with another, hydrothermal fluid. The very hot temperature, positive Eu anomaly, enriched metal concentrations, and cogenetic relation with quartz could indicate that hot brines were at least partially sourced from ultramafic rocks, potentially as a result of interaction between the underlying Proterozoic serpentinites and CO2‐rich fluids. This study highlights that large‐scale hydrothermal dolostone bodies can form at shallow burial depths via mixing during fluid pulses, providing a potential explanation for the mass balance problem often associated with their genesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating new fault‐controlled hydrothermal dolomitization models: Insights from the Cambrian Dolomite, Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin

et al. 2020

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“…The characterization of the subsurface reservoir involves multi-scale and -dimensional analyzes, from one-dimensional borehole analysis (well log and core samples) to threedimensional depositional and property modeling (Amel et al, 2015;Al-Ramadan et al, 2020;Anees et al, 2022b;Anees et al, 2022a). In such cases, the classification and interpretation of lithofacies play a key role in providing the basic building block to a more advanced interpretation.…”

Section: Core-based Lithofacies Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

FaciesViT: Vision transformer for an improved core lithofacies prediction

et al. 2022

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Lithofacies classification is a fundamental step to perform depositional and reservoir characterizations in the subsurface. However, such a classification is often hindered by limited data availability and biased and time-consuming analysis. Recent work has demonstrated the potential of image-based supervised deep learning analysis, specifically convolutional neural networks (CNN), to optimize lithofacies classification and interpretation using core images. While most works have used transfer learning to overcome limited datasets and simultaneously yield a high-accuracy prediction. This method raises some serious concerns regarding how the CNN model learns and makes a prediction as the model was originally trained with entirely different datasets. Here, we proposed an alternative approach by adopting a vision transformer model, known as FaciesViT, to mitigate this issue and provide improved lithofacies prediction. We also experimented with various CNN architectures as the baseline models and two different datasets to compare and evaluate the performance of our proposed model. The experimental results show that the proposed models significantly outperform the established CNN architecture models for both datasets and in all cases, achieving an f1 score and weighted average in all tested metrics of 95%. For the first time, this study highlights the application of the Vision Transformer model to a geological dataset. Our findings show that the FaciesViT model has several advantages over conventional CNN models, including (i) no hyperparameter fine-tuning and exhaustive data augmentation required to match the accuracy of CNN models; (ii) it can work with limited datasets; and (iii) it can better generalize the classification to a new, unseen dataset. Our study shows that the application of the Vision transformer could further optimize image recognition and classification in the geosciences and mitigate some of the issues related to the generalizability and the explainability of deep learning models. Furthermore, the implementation of our proposed FaciesViT model has been shown to improve the overall performance and reproducibility of image-based core lithofacies classification which is significant for subsurface reservoir characterization in different basins worldwide.

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“…In addition, the 54 carbon and oxygen isotopic data points from Miocene carbonate situated in the Midyan Peninsula at four different locations, Wadi Waqb, Ad-Dubaybah, Wadi Hamd, and Magna, were re-visited in this study (Al-Ramadan, 2017;Al-Ramadan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Site and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Miocene carbonate in the Red Sea Basin is an ideal location for studying paleo-fluid circulation along fractures, due to of the exposed carbonate outcrop and the existence of a network of fractures filled with diagenetic calcite crystals (Al-Ramadan, 2017;Hollis et al, 2017;Al-Ramadan et al, 2019). Carbonate rocks are of particular interest, due to the wide variety of diagenetic modifications that can occur as a result of paleofluid circulation along fractures (Stacey et al, 2021a;Stacey et al, 2021b;Koeshidayatullah et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural diagenesis and dolomitization of Cenozoic post-rift carbonates in the Red Sea rift basin: A multiproxy approach

Herlambang

Koeshidayatullah²,

Amao³

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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Middle Miocene post-rift sediments are considered prolific subsurface reservoirs, representing one of the thickest sequences in the Red Sea rift basin. In the Umm Luj Basin of the eastern Red Sea, post-rift sediments are well exposed and represented by a carbonate-dominated system of the Raghama Formation. This formation was intensely fractured, following the rifting trend of the Red Sea. Such fractures and their associated diagenetic products could provide a significant archive of past tectonic fluid evolution. However, little is known about the origin and timing of the different fluid flows and diagenetic processes in the area. This study aims to resolve this issue by integrating fracture and multiproxy geochemical analyses of calcite precipitated in veins, fault breccia, and dolomitized host rock. The δ18O and δ13C isotopic compositions of calcite veins show tight clustering, varying between −10.6 and −9.5‰ and between −7.9 and −7.2‰, respectively. Meanwhile, the precipitated calcite along the fault breccia exhibited a closer to host rock isotopic composition (δ18O = −6.8‰; δ13C = −4.8‰). The δ18OVPDB of the dolomitized host rock shows a heavier average value, closer to the expected range of Miocene seawater. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the veins have a high magnesium calcite content (up to 79.5%). In contrast, all the host rock samples, except samples 1-1BH, have dolomite contents of up to 94.3%, as well as breccia fragments. Thus, we argue that the structural diagenesis history of the study area comprises two distinct fluid members and tectonic events. The first member is the deposition of heavier isotopic composition related to dolomitization at slightly higher temperatures of up to 42.2°C. The second fluid flow member corresponded to a depleted isotopic calcite member with a temperature of 33°C. Compared with the Midyan Peninsula, the study area shares the same regional tectonic events, but the local tectonic and depositional settings could act as the determining factors of the dolomitization mechanism and meteoric alteration in each location. Hence, our results provide a new understanding of paleo-fluid circulation related to the evolution of tectonic events and highlights the value of integrating fracture and multiproxy geochemical analysis for structural diagenetic studies.

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Impact of basin architecture on diagenesis and dolomitization in a fault-bounded carbonate platform: outcrop analogue of a pre-salt carbonate reservoir, Red Sea rift, NW Saudi Arabia

Cited by 30 publications

References 50 publications

Evaluating new fault‐controlled hydrothermal dolomitization models: Insights from the Cambrian Dolomite, Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin

Evaluating new fault‐controlled hydrothermal dolomitization models: Insights from the Cambrian Dolomite, Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin

FaciesViT: Vision transformer for an improved core lithofacies prediction

Structural diagenesis and dolomitization of Cenozoic post-rift carbonates in the Red Sea rift basin: A multiproxy approach

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