Impact of B-vitamin supply on major metabolic pathways of lactating dairy cows

Girard, C. L.; Matte, J. J.

doi:10.4141/a05-058

Cited by 13 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…At least 10 different vitamin B12-dependent metabolic reactions have been identified in microorganisms. However, in mammals, only two important enzyme systems are recognized in which three vitamin B12-dependent enzymes participate: methylmalonyl CoA mutase and leucine mutase, which require adenosylcobalamin as a coenzyme, and methionine synthetase, which is required by the coenzyme methylcobalamin [ 1 , 7 , 10 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 24 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Cobalt and Vitamin B12 Essential Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) The first, methylmalonyl CoA mutase, is a mitochondrial enzyme, dependent on cobalamin, involved in the metabolism of propionate to succinate. Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase catalyzes the transformation of methylmalonyl-CoA into succinyl-CoA, where 5′adenosylcobalamin functions as a coenzyme of the mutase, allowing the transformation of methylmalonyl CoA, which, in turn, comes from the propionate formed well as a product of ruminal fermentation, of the degradation of odd-chain fatty acids or of some amino acids: valine, isoleucine, methionine and threonine [ 25 , 28 ]. In ruminants, methylmalonyl-CoA plays a unique regulatory role in gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation [ 30 ].…”

Section: Cobalt and Vitamin B12 Essential Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In short, propionate is first transformed into propionyl-CoA; then, through the action of propionyl-CoA carboxylase, a biotin-dependent enzyme, it receives an additional carbon and is converted to methylmalonyl-CoA. Under the action of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, a vitamin B12-dependent enzyme, the CO- succinyl-CoA (SCoA) group is transferred from one carbon to another in the molecule, forming succinyl-CoA, which can enter the Krebs cycle ( Figure 3 ) [ 28 ]. Two molecules of adenosyl cobalamin are required to convert methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl-CoA.…”

Section: Cobalt and Vitamin B12 Essential Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between Vitamin B12 and Cobalt Metabolism in Domestic Ruminant: An Update

González-Montaña

Escalera-Valente

Alonso

et al. 2020

Animals

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Cobalt, as a trace element, is essential for rumen microorganisms for the formation of vitamin B12. In the metabolism of mammals, vitamin B12 is an essential part of two enzymatic systems involved in multiple metabolic reactions, such as in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, some amino acids and DNA. Adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin are coenzymes of methylmalonyl coenzyme A (CoA) mutase and methionine synthetase and are essential for obtaining energy through ruminal metabolism. Signs of cobalt deficiency range from hyporexia, reduced growth and weight loss to liver steatosis, anemia, impaired immune function, impaired reproductive function and even death. Cobalt status in ruminant animals can be assessed by direct measurement of blood or tissue concentrations of cobalt or vitamin B12, as well as the level of methylmalonic acid, homocysteine or transcobalamin in blood; methylmalonic acid in urine; some variables hematological; food consumption or growth of animals. In general, it is assumed that the requirement for cobalt (Co) is expressed around 0.11 ppm (mg/kg) in the dry matter (DM) diet; current recommendations seem to advise increasing Co supplementation and placing it around 0.20 mg Co/kg DM. Although there is no unanimous criterion about milk production, fattening or reproductive rates in response to increased supplementation with Co, in some investigations, when the total Co of the diet was approximately 1 to 1.3 ppm (mg/kg), maximum responses were observed in the milk production.

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Section: Cobalt and Vitamin B12 Essential Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cobalt and Vitamin B12 Essential Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cobalt and Vitamin B12 Essential Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Relationship between Vitamin B12 and Cobalt Metabolism in Domestic Ruminant: An Update

González-Montaña

Escalera-Valente

Alonso

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Santschi et al (2005b) assumed that ruminal niacin supply depends on diet composition, and that there are indications that the metabolism of supplemental niacin is influenced. Although it was presumed that ruminal niacin synthesis is sufficient for dairy cows with average performance level (Girard, 1998;GfE, 2001), this is possibly not always the case (Flachowsky, 1993;Girard & Matte, 2005;Breves & Lebzien, 2009). Weiss & Ferreira (2006) suggested that the requirements of dairy cattle tend to exceed the capacity of rumen microorganisms to synthesize sufficient amounts of vitamins of the B complex, owing to the improvement in the genetic potential of cows for higher milk yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of niacin supplementation (40 weeks) and two dietary levels of concentrate on performance, blood and fatty acid profiles of dairy cattle

Rauls¹,

Meyer²,

Hüther³

et al. 2015

SA J. An. Sci.

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The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of 24 g niacin (nicotinic acid (NA)) supplementation over 40 weeks with two forage-to-concentrate ratios (60% concentrate vs. 30% in the total diet) on performance variables of energy metabolism such as plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose and nicotinamide (NAM), and the fatty acid profile in rumen fluid. In a 2 x 2 factorial design, 64 German Holstein cows were divided postpartum into four dietary groups: i) 60% concentrate supplemented with 24 g NA (Group 60 + NA); ii) 60% concentrate without NA (Group 60−); iii) 30% concentrate with 24 g NA (Group 30 + NA) and iv) 30% concentrate without NA (Group 30−). The experiment started on the day of calving and continued for 40 weeks. Niacin supplementation did not affect milk yield or composition. The plasma niacin content increased in the supplemented groups, especially Group 30 + NA. Niacin supplementation led to decreased plasma glucose concentrations. The interaction of concentrate x niacin enhanced the molar proportion of propionic acid in rumen fluid in Group 60 + NA. Total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were increased by level of concentrate, niacin supplementation and the interaction, concentrate x niacin. Plasma levels of NEFA and BHB remained unaffected. In sum, concentrate level, niacin supplementation and the interaction of concentrate x niacin increased plasma NAM concentration, whereas plasma glucose concentration was decreased by niacin supplementation. ______________________________________________________________________________________

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“…Such an outcome could have been expected when considering experimental results — e.g. Bauman and Griinari ( 2010 ) reported that the diet-induced low-fat milk syndrome in dairy cows does not affect protein yield, while food supplementation with biotin increased milk yield, but showed only a limited effect on milk composition (Girard and Matte 1988 ). On the other hand, similarities between PKG and FKG/MKG were reported in studies where an averaged genetic effect was considered, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Utilization of information from gene networks towards a better understanding of functional similarities between complex traits: a dairy cattle model

2015

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Our study focused on quantifying functional similarities between complex traits recorded in dairy cattle: milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, somatic cell score and stature. Similarities were calculated based on gene sets forming gene networks and on gene ontology term sets underlying genes estimated as significant for the analysed traits. Gene networks were obtained by the Bisogenet and Gene Set Linkage Analysis (GSLA) software. The highest similarity was observed between milk yield and fat yield. A very low degree of similarity was attributed to protein yield and stature when using gene sets as a similarity criterion, as well as to protein yield and fat yield when using sets of gene ontology terms. Pearson correlation coefficients between gene effect estimates, representing additive polygenic similarities, were highest for protein yield and milk yield, and the lowest in case of protein yield and somatic cell score. Using the 50 K Illumina SNP chip from the national genomic selection data set only the most significant gene-trait associations can be retrieved, while enhancing it by the functional information contained in interaction data stored in public data bases and by metabolic pathways information facilitates a better characterization of the functional background of the traits and furthermore — trait comparison. The most interesting result of our study was that the functional similarity observed between protein yield and milk-/fat yields contradicted moderate genetic correlations estimated earlier for the same population based on a multivariate mixed model. The discrepancy indicates that an infinitesimal model assumed in that study reflects an averaged correlation due to polygenes, but fails to reveal the functional background underlying the traits, which is due to the cumulative composition of many genes involved in metabolic pathways, which appears to differ between protein-fat yield and protein-milk yield pairs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13353-015-0306-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Impact of B-vitamin supply on major metabolic pathways of lactating dairy cows

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Relationship between Vitamin B12 and Cobalt Metabolism in Domestic Ruminant: An Update

Relationship between Vitamin B12 and Cobalt Metabolism in Domestic Ruminant: An Update

Effects of niacin supplementation (40 weeks) and two dietary levels of concentrate on performance, blood and fatty acid profiles of dairy cattle

Utilization of information from gene networks towards a better understanding of functional similarities between complex traits: a dairy cattle model

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