Impact and seasonality of human rhinovirus infection in hospitalized patients for two consecutive years

Abstract

Objectives: To report epidemiological features, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of human rhinovirus (HRV) infections in comparison with other community acquired respiratory virus (CRV) infections in patients hospitalized for two consecutive years. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory data of patients hospitalized with acute respiratory syndrome in a tertiary care hospital from 2012 to 2013 were reviewed. Results: HRV was the most common CRV observed (36%, 162/444) and was present in the majority of viral co-detections (69%, 88/128), mainly in association with human enterovirus (45%). Most HRV-infected patients were younger than 2 years (57%). Overall, patients infected with HRV had a lower frequency of severe acute respiratory infection than those infected with other CRVs (60% and 84%, respectively, p = 0.006), but had more comorbidities (40% and 27%, respectively; p = 0.043). However, in the adjusted analysis this association was not significant. The mortality rate within the HRV group was 3%. Detection of HRV was more prevalent during autumn and winter, with a moderately negative correlation between viral infection frequency and temperature (r = −0.636, p < 0.001) but no correlation with rainfall (r = −0.036, p = 0.866). ଝ Please cite this article as: Leotte J, Trombetta H, Faggion HZ, Almeida BM, Nogueira MB, Vidal LR, et al. Impact and seasonality of human rhinovirus infection in hospitalized patients for two consecutive years. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017;93:294---300.295Conclusion: HRV is usually detected in hospitalized children with respiratory infections and is often present in viral co-detections. Comorbidities are closely associated with HRV infections. These infections show seasonal variation, with predominance during colder seasons. Rinovírus humano; Infecções respiratórias agudas; Vírus respiratório Impacto e sazonalidade da infecção por rinovírus humano em pacientes internados por dois anos consecutivos ResumoObjetivos: Relatar as características epidemiológicas, as características clínicas e os resultados das infecções por rinovírus humano (RVH) em comparação a outras infecções por vírus respiratórios adquiridos na comunidade (VRCs) em pacientes internados por dois anos consecutivos. Métodos: Este foi um estudo transversal. Foram revisados os dados clínicos, epidemiológicos e laboratoriais de pacientes internados com síndrome respiratória aguda em um hospital terciário de 2012 a 2013. Resultados: O RVH foi o VRC mais comum observado (36%, 162/444) e esteve presente na maior parte das codetecções virais (69%, 88/128), principalmente em associação ao enterovírus humano (45%). A maioria dos pacientes infectados por RVH possuía menos de 2 anos (57%). De modo geral, os pacientes com RVH apresentaram uma menor frequência de infecção respiratória aguda grave que os pacientes infectados por outros VRCs (60% e 84%, respectivamente, p = 0,006), porém mais comorbidades (40% e 27%, respectivamente; p = 0,043). Contudo, em uma análise ajustada, essa associação ...

Typical epidemiology of respiratory virus infections in a Brazilian slum

“…14 The third similarity was the high rate of viral coinfections (28.3%) ( Figure 1B) which was similar to rates observed in a study from Curitiba, southern Brazil (29.0%) 19 and in a Kenyan slum community (27.0%). 20 Our data also point to the predominance of HRV in cases of coinfections (30 of 52 coinfections, 58.0%), a feature similarly reported in a study conducted in Brazil (69.0% of all coinfections) 19 that is likely influenced by the overall high number of HRV infections. Albeit not statistically significant, HRV, hRSV, and FLU were commonly detected as monoinfections (67.7%, 73.5%, and 76.9% respectively; P > .05 for all three viruses), whereas HCoV, AdV, hPiV, EV, and hPeV were significantly more frequently detected as coinfections (53.8%, 61.1%, 66.7%, 80.8%, and 83.3%, respectively; P < .05 for all) ( Figure 1C).…”

“…Both attributes were previously reported in studies conducted in temperate and tropical regions of Brazil (~60.0%), 18,19 in a slum community from Kenya (71.0%), 20 and in a German cohort (56.6%). 14 The second similarity was the predominance of HRV (33.0%) and hRSV (12.1%) detections (Table 1), also observed in hospitalized patients in distinct cities of Brazil, in a slum community in Kenya [18][19][20] and in German children. 14 The third similarity was the high rate of viral coinfections (28.3%) ( Figure 1B) which was similar to rates observed in a study from Curitiba, southern Brazil (29.0%) 19 and in a Kenyan slum community (27.0%).…”

“…14 The second similarity was the predominance of HRV (33.0%) and hRSV (12.1%) detections (Table 1), also observed in hospitalized patients in distinct cities of Brazil, in a slum community in Kenya [18][19][20] and in German children. 14 The third similarity was the high rate of viral coinfections (28.3%) ( Figure 1B) which was similar to rates observed in a study from Curitiba, southern Brazil (29.0%) 19 and in a Kenyan slum community (27.0%). 20 Our data also point to the predominance of HRV in cases of coinfections (30 of 52 coinfections, 58.0%), a feature similarly reported in a study conducted in Brazil (69.0% of all coinfections) 19 that is likely influenced by the overall high number of HRV infections.…”

“…21 Similarly, preliminary studies from Brazil showed that hRSV and FLU were most frequently detected as monoinfections and EV and AdV as coinfections. 13,19 The fourth similarity was the seasonal variation of hRSV and HCoV detections. Particularly, hRSVs were more frequently detected during autumn (Fisher's exact, P = .004), a pattern already observed in surveillance studies carried out in two distinct São Paulo city hospitals.…”

Demographic and seasonal characteristics of respiratory pathogens in neonates and infants aged 0 to 12 months in the Central‐East region of Tunisia

“…This finding could be explained by the genetic factors described in both genders. 20 Despite the fact that RSV A/B is frequent worldwide and its distribution is consistent with a variety of reports in both developing and developed countries, RV has been increasingly reported by previous studies [21][22][23] and was the most frequently detected pathogen in the present study. Its high prevalence makes its infection more serious.…”