Immunosuppressant and immunomodulatory treatment for dermatomyositis and polymyositis

The Predilection of Specific Diseases to Affect Different Sections of the Esophagus

“…Management: High-dose corticosteroids are the first-line treatment. If the patient is resistant to corticosteroids, alternative therapies such as azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, or cyclosporin A can be considered [24]. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) can be used in life-threatening esophageal involvement due to dermatomyositis [25].…”

The Predilection of Specific Diseases to Affect Different Sections of the Esophagus

“…Management: High-dose corticosteroids are the first-line treatment. If the patient is resistant to corticosteroids, alternative therapies such as azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, or cyclosporin A can be considered [24]. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) can be used in life-threatening esophageal involvement due to dermatomyositis [25].…”

Synthetic Pharmacotherapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Potential Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Safety

“…MTX is an antifolate drug derived from aminopterin. It is indicated as a disease-modifying drug in RA [ 257 , 258 ], inflammatory polyarthritis [ 259 ], severe psoriasis [ 260 , 261 ], psoriatic arthritis [ 261 ], juvenile idiopathic arthritis [ 257 ], ankylosing spondylitis [ 262 ], dermatomyositis [ 263 ], polymyositis [ 263 ], Crohn’s disease [ 264 ], and SLE [ 258 , 265 ]. In SLE, its use is indicated in patients who respond inadequately to antimalarials [ 266 ] and in patients with moderate SLE with skin, joint, and serous involvement, but without kidney involvement [ 258 , 265 ].…”

Diagnostic Utility of Auto-Antibodies in Inflammatory Muscle Diseases

“…The immuno-modulator treatment: intra-venous immunoglobulins (IVIg) could modulate effects of pathogenic antibody by inhibiting activation of complement and/or fixation to their cognate antigens (anti-idiotypic effect) [87]. Several studies have shown that IVIg can have a beneficial effect on DM and PM, particularly when associated to MSA [88]. Nevertheless, further studies designed for patients with MSA are needed to document the place of immunosuppressants, biotherapies and IVIg.…”

The Predilection of Specific Diseases to Affect Different Sections of the Esophagus

“…Management: High-dose corticosteroids are the first-line treatment. If the patient is resistant to corticosteroids, alternative therapies such as azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, or cyclosporin A can be considered [24]. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) can be used in life-threatening esophageal involvement due to dermatomyositis [25].…”

Synthetic Pharmacotherapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Potential Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Safety

“…MTX is an antifolate drug derived from aminopterin. It is indicated as a disease-modifying drug in RA [ 257 , 258 ], inflammatory polyarthritis [ 259 ], severe psoriasis [ 260 , 261 ], psoriatic arthritis [ 261 ], juvenile idiopathic arthritis [ 257 ], ankylosing spondylitis [ 262 ], dermatomyositis [ 263 ], polymyositis [ 263 ], Crohn’s disease [ 264 ], and SLE [ 258 , 265 ]. In SLE, its use is indicated in patients who respond inadequately to antimalarials [ 266 ] and in patients with moderate SLE with skin, joint, and serous involvement, but without kidney involvement [ 258 , 265 ].…”

Diagnostic Utility of Auto-Antibodies in Inflammatory Muscle Diseases

“…The immuno-modulator treatment: intra-venous immunoglobulins (IVIg) could modulate effects of pathogenic antibody by inhibiting activation of complement and/or fixation to their cognate antigens (anti-idiotypic effect) [87]. Several studies have shown that IVIg can have a beneficial effect on DM and PM, particularly when associated to MSA [88]. Nevertheless, further studies designed for patients with MSA are needed to document the place of immunosuppressants, biotherapies and IVIg.…”

The Predilection of Specific Diseases to Affect Different Sections of the Esophagus

“…Management: High-dose corticosteroids are the first-line treatment. If the patient is resistant to corticosteroids, alternative therapies such as azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, or cyclosporin A can be considered [24]. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) can be used in life-threatening esophageal involvement due to dermatomyositis [25].…”

Synthetic Pharmacotherapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Potential Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Safety

“…MTX is an antifolate drug derived from aminopterin. It is indicated as a disease-modifying drug in RA [ 257 , 258 ], inflammatory polyarthritis [ 259 ], severe psoriasis [ 260 , 261 ], psoriatic arthritis [ 261 ], juvenile idiopathic arthritis [ 257 ], ankylosing spondylitis [ 262 ], dermatomyositis [ 263 ], polymyositis [ 263 ], Crohn’s disease [ 264 ], and SLE [ 258 , 265 ]. In SLE, its use is indicated in patients who respond inadequately to antimalarials [ 266 ] and in patients with moderate SLE with skin, joint, and serous involvement, but without kidney involvement [ 258 , 265 ].…”

Diagnostic Utility of Auto-Antibodies in Inflammatory Muscle Diseases

“…The immuno-modulator treatment: intra-venous immunoglobulins (IVIg) could modulate effects of pathogenic antibody by inhibiting activation of complement and/or fixation to their cognate antigens (anti-idiotypic effect) [87]. Several studies have shown that IVIg can have a beneficial effect on DM and PM, particularly when associated to MSA [88]. Nevertheless, further studies designed for patients with MSA are needed to document the place of immunosuppressants, biotherapies and IVIg.…”