Immunostimulation of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmusmaximus L.) using an alginate with high mannuronic acid content administered via the live food organism Artemia

Skjermo, Jorunn; Defoort, Thomas; Dehasque, Marleen; Espevik, Terje; Ôlsen, Yngvar; Skjak-brfek, Gudmund; Sorgeloos, Patrick; Vadstein, Ôlav

doi:10.1016/s1050-4648(95)80053-0

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Micro-beads containing sodium alginate were prepared as described previously (Skjermo et al 1995). Briefly, 1 g sodium alginate powder dissolved in 100 ml distilled water was sprayed through a nozzle (45 µm) into an aqueous solution of 50 mM CaCl 2 in 5% methanol, upon which beads formed instantly.…”

Section: Preparation and Artemia Enrichment Of Sodium Alginate Micro-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sodium alginate extracted from brown algae Undaria pinnatifida and Macrocystis pyrifera can enhance the nonspecific defense res ponse of common carp Cyprinus carpio to Ed wardsiella tarda (Fujiki et al 1994. It can also enhance the migration of carp head kidney phagocytes to the peritoneal cavity to increase phago cytic activity and can enhance the survival of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus challenged with Vibrio anguillarum (Skjermo et al 1995). Similarly, alginate extracted from brown algae U. pinnatifida and Lessonia nigrecans increase Litopenaeus vannamei resistance to V. alginolyticus (Cheng et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium alginate from Sargassum wightii retards mortalities in Penaeus monodon postlarvae challenged with white spot syndrome virus

Immanuel

Sivagnanavelmurugan²,

Balasubramanian³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Sodium alginate extracted from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii (16.35 ± 1.42%, mean [± SD] yield from 5 extractions) was prepared as a powder or beads and used to enrich Artemia nauplii at concentrations of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg l −1 . The alginate-enriched nauplii were fed to Penaeus monodon shrimp postlarvae (PL) stage 15 (PL15, i.e. 15 d old) for 20 d. Mean weight gain and specific growth rate over this period were 0.24 g and 15.8%, respectively, in PL groups not fed alginate, and 0.20−0.28 g and 14.7−16.5%, respectively, in PL groups fed alginate. Amongst PL35 then challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by immersion, all PL not fed alginate died within 9 d. However, amongst PL fed the 4 concentrations of alginate powder or beads, mortality rates reduced with increasing alginate concentration, and between 25 and 32% PL remained alive when the bioassay was terminated on Day 21. Amongst alginate-fed PL groups compared with the control group, mortality was reduced by 26.5 to 58.4%. Nested PCR detection of WSSV revealed sodium alginate concentration-dependent reductions in infection loads. The data indicate that sodium alginate extracted from brown seaweed and fed to P. monodon can retard progression of WSSV disease.

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Section: Preparation and Artemia Enrichment Of Sodium Alginate Micro-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium alginate from Sargassum wightii retards mortalities in Penaeus monodon postlarvae challenged with white spot syndrome virus

Immanuel

Sivagnanavelmurugan²,

Balasubramanian³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…fish through artemia and rotifers [141][142][143][144]. In this fish order the only study whose administration 366 strategy is not by artemia and rotifers was done in Senegalese sole using lyophilized red algae as an 367 immunostimulant (Porphyridium cruentum) in a commercial diet routinely used on farms; no statistical 368 differences were found for the respiratory burst activity of phagocytes [145].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Bergh 2004) and turbot (Skjermo et al 1995). However, Conceição et al (2001) reported that turbot 371 larvae fed with rotifers enriched with alginate capsules containing 86% mannuronic acid polymers (FMI) 372 had a three fold higher protein turnover compared to the control group.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors suggested this may 373 contribute to higher larval viability and survival in case of environmental/disease stress [144]. The rich 374 alginate compounds contributed to an improved survival rate against Vibrio anguillarum both in juvenile 375 turbot [143] and halibut larvae [142]. The high-M alginate has a stimulatory effect on human monocytes 376 inducing the expression of TNF-α [146,147].…”

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The response of fish to immunostimulant diets

Vallejos‐Vidal

Reyes-López

Teles

et al. 2016

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

275

119

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8 Fish Immunostimulation through dietary manipulation 9The aquaculture sector has shown a rapid growth over the last 30 years with an associated increase in 10 disease problems as result of rapid expansion and amongst other factors high stocking densities. In order 11to maintain fish health and to improve performance immunostimulants have been used as dietary 12 additives to improve weight gain, feed efficiency, and/or disease resistance in cultured fish. 13An immunostimulant is a natural or chemical substance that stimulates the immune system by specific 14(vaccines or antigens) or non-specific (irrespective of antigenic specificity) routes. In Aquaculture, non- 21The immunostimulant effect of dietary supplements in fish has been focused mainly on the evaluation of 22 non-specific immune parameters and, therefore, on the consequences of these treatments on the innate 23 immune system. The innate immune system has both cellular and humoral components by which it carries 24 out its protective function. The major components of the innate immune system at cellular level are 25 leukocytes, mainly monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes [1,2]. Among the granulocytes, neutrophils 26are the most abundant cell-type and their presence has been described in Salmoniformes, Cypriniformes 27 and Perciformes [3]. Neutrophils and macrophages are responsible for the production of bioactive 28 molecules for pathogen recognition and destruction, cellular communication and activation, initiation of 29 an adaptive immune response and later, resolution of an inflammatory response and tissue repair. 30Furthermore, these cell types are responsible in the majority for phagocytosis [4], one of the main 31 mediators of innate immunity to remove pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. For this 32 reason, these immune cell types are also called phagocytes. This microbe/killing mechanism triggers 33 diverse antimicrobial processes that use a wide variety of mechanisms including cellular activation, 34 production of oxidative radicals, and the production of cytokines driving the inflammatory response 35 amongst others. 36Two of the most important antimicrobial systems of phagocytic cells are the NADPH phagocyte oxidase 37 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathways, which are responsible for the generation of 38 superoxide (O2 − ) and nitric oxide (NO) radicals, respectively. NADPH oxidase, a multi-subunit complex, 39 catalyses a one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen into superoxide anion (O2 − ), also referred to as 40 reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is either spontaneously converted to H2O2 or enzymatically by 41 superoxide dismutase (SOD). In comparison to neutrophils, the size of the respiratory burst is much 42 reduced in macrophages [5]. Since O2 − is the first product to be released from the respiratory burst, the 43 measurement of O2 − has been accepted as a direct and accurate way of measuring respiratory burst 44 activity [6]: the reduction of ferricytochrome c to determine extracellular O2 − , and th...

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Marine Algal Polysaccharides and Their Applications

Rajendran

2020

Encyclopedia of Marine Biotechnology

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Immunostimulation of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmusmaximus L.) using an alginate with high mannuronic acid content administered via the live food organism Artemia

Cited by 43 publications

References 11 publications

Sodium alginate from Sargassum wightii retards mortalities in Penaeus monodon postlarvae challenged with white spot syndrome virus

Sodium alginate from Sargassum wightii retards mortalities in Penaeus monodon postlarvae challenged with white spot syndrome virus

The response of fish to immunostimulant diets

Marine Algal Polysaccharides and Their Applications

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