Immunosensors based on supported lipid membranes, protein films and liposomes modified by antibodies

The immunosensors for measurement of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

“…The detection limit for 2,4-D previously described direct capacitance immunosensor was around 50 Amol l À 1 [9]. The immunosensor based on lipid films supported on thin gold layers achieved the detection limit 1 Amol l À 1 [25]. Competitive amperometric immunosensor developed in our laboratory achieved LOD 0.45 nmol l À 1 [21].…”

Formation of an intact liposome layer adsorbed on oxidized gold confirmed by three complementary techniques: QCM‐D, AFM and confocal fluorescence microscopy

“…Supported phospholipid vesicle layers (SVLs) have been the focus of intensive research in the last decade because they are simple model systems for biomembranes and, thus, may be applied as target for drug delivery systems, [1,2] in immunoassays for detection of small molecules [3,4] and in capillary electromigration techniques. [5,6] However, obtaining stable layers of intact liposomes is not straightforward because, in general, liposomes rupture upon contact with solid surfaces and form bilayers.…”

Phospholipid/cholesterol/decanethiol mixtures for direct assembly of immunosensing interfaces

“…The formation of planar lipid-based biomimetic platforms on gold surfaces has aroused the interest of many researchers [9][10][11][12]. One of the most limiting features of this type of assemblies has been the stability of the supported lipid bilayer (SLB) on gold which has led to complex approaches that require especially synthesized molecules, namely polyethylene glycol (PEG)-derivatives [13,14], thiolipids [6,15], biotinylated lipids [14][15][16][17] or other tether layers [18,19]. In this work we describe an alternative approach that takes full advantage of both the biophysical and the chemical properties of lipids in order to build a simple and efficient immunosensing platform.…”