Immunoregulation: A Proposal for an Experimental Model

Šperanda, Marcela; Valpotić, Ivica

doi:10.5772/29970

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 144 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…More recently, zeolite CPL was tested as a feed supplement for the treatment of infected honeybee colonies in order to be evaluated as a potential alternative to antimicrobials (53). The objective assessment of various natural or synthetic substances (8,54) as potential alternatives to in-feed AGP in food animals must impact positively on their health and performance, and on their products in order to be fully accepted by producers, consumers and to be environmental friendly. Among a vast variety of such substances tested, zeolite CPL has been suggested as an alternative feed additive for use in farm animals ( Table 2).…”

Section: Food Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeolite clinoptilolite nanoporous feed additive for animals of veterinary importance: potentials and limitations

et al. 2017

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I n the past two decades many substances of natural or synthetic origin were studied as potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) and some of them, particularly immunomodulators (IMs) and nutraceuticals (NCs), have shown to be capable of stimulating functions of the immune system and improving general health. At the same time, they were shown to be harmless for animals and the environment. Promising results have been obtained with natural clay minerals, zeolites among which clinoptilolite (CPL) is the best known as zootechnical and biomedical feed ingredient widely reported in scientific literature and used in farm animal nutrition. CPL has a potential to replace AGP due to its unique anti-bacterial properties, safety and efficacy as dietary supplement in food animals unifying potentials of an IM and NC. Currently, there INTRODUCTIONT he phrase "survival of the fittest" as an alternative to "natural selection" has been adopted and published in 1868 by Charles Darwin (1), and nowadays is becoming so true because of the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic microbes of biomedical, particularly veterinary importance. This is a consequence of non-clinical use and misuse of dietary antibiotics for more than sixty years to prevent bacterial infections and to enhance performance in livestock production, mostly in chickens and pigs (2). Namely, the increased sanitary problems in intensive farming of food animals have been overcome thus far by adding sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) infeed to enhance production efficiency by increasing growth rate, improv- ing feed utilization and reducing mortality from clinical disease is well documented particularly in swine production systems (3). However, the consumers especially in developed countries are becoming increasingly concerned about drug residues in meat and other animal products (4). In addition, it has been suggested that the continuous use of antibiotics may contribute to a reservoir of drugresistant bacteria (5) which may be capable of transferring their resistance to pathogenic bacteria in both animals and humans (6). As a result, many countries have banned or are banning the inclusion of antibiotics in diets as a routine means of growth promotion. The first experience of an AGP ban in Sweden in 1986 indicated a reduction in growth and an increase in morbidity and mortality rates in weaned pigs, which emphasized the importance of antibiotic use in intensive swine production(7). The total ban of dietary AGP in the EU countries since January 1, 2006 (EU Regulation No. 1831 and the elimination of their use in animal feed and water in the USA effective January 1, 2017 (FDA, CVM 2012, VFD Basics 2017) has had a serious influence on both health and performance of food animals underlining the need to develop alternative dietary and non-dietary strategies to evaluate the potential antimicrobial agents for their replacement (8). According to the World Health Organization, most antibiotics will not ...

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Section: Food Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeolite clinoptilolite nanoporous feed additive for animals of veterinary importance: potentials and limitations

et al. 2017

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“…Based on their biological/genetic or chemical origin and immunomodulating properties these substances have been classified as prebiotics, probiotics, IRMs in narrower sense, recently termed immunobiotics (including microbiotics, fungibiotics, phytobiotics and zoobiotics), chemical compounds (natural or synthetic), metals/microelements, minerals, nutrients and nutraceuticals (2). Recently, strategies aiming at stimulation of natural porcine defenses, maintenance of their systemic/gut health and performance through the use of such substances with bioactive properties have gained increasing interest in research and have been subject of numerous nutritional and immunohematological investigations in pigs (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dietary mannan oligosaccharide and clinoptilolite on hematological, biochemical and gut histological parameters in weaned pigs

Valpotić¹,

Barić-Rafaj²,

Mrljak³

et al. 2017

Period Biol

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Background and Purpose: Yeast derivative mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and zeolite clinoptilolite (CPL) well known nutritional supplements acting as either prebiotic or immunobiotic, respectively, in animal husbandry. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not these agents referred to as potential alternatives to antibiotics may positively influence systemic immune parameters of weaned pigs without negatively affecting their hematological, serum biochemical and gut histological homeostasis. Materials and Methods: Sixty pigs from a commercial farm were divided into three groups comprising 20 pigs each and treated at 4 weeks of age as follows: controls received standard weaner diet, whereas diet for principals was supplemented with 0.2% of MOS or 0.5% of CPL. The experiment was conducted throughout 35 days and at either Conclusions: MOS did not affect any of monitored parameters, and CPL only sporadically induced lymphopaenia and granulocytosis, decrease of CK and total proteins and increase of urea and creatinine levels, indicating that the agents were not associated with any harmful side effects on monitored blood and gut parameters and impairment in general health status of pigs. INTRODUCTIONT he EU ban on in-feed antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in swine production has stimulated research for alternative strategies on weaning diets as a way of reducing postweaning gut infections of bacterial etiology and growth retardation as well as of modulating immune functions in order to increase the resistance of pigs to enteric diseases. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. However, the results obtained with majority of these substances remained inconclusive as the final aim of using such in-feed supplements is to promote pig immunity, health and performance. Among those few which have shown to be effective in zootechnology and biomedicine are: (a) a variety of polysaccharides from different natural sources, such as yeast derivatives b-glucans and mannans (3) and (b) natural clay minerals, such as aluminosilicate compounds bentonite, kaolin, diosmectite, attapulgite and zeolite (12). The main source for in-feed supplement currently used in pig nutrition as a natural additive is mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) found in large quantities in yeast cell wall (3, 9), The most promising results to date have been obtained with montmorillonite, smectite, illite, kaolinite, biotic and zeolite clinoptilolite (CPL) for their ability to replace AGP as feed additives and to maintain swine health and performance (7,11). HRVOJE VALPOTIĆ 1 RENATA BARIĆ-RAFAJAmong 140 types of natural zeolites, the best known and the most thoroughly tested for its safety and efficacy as feed additive for animal species of veterinary importance is CPL (13). CPL has shown to be effective as growth-promoting (14), immunostimulating (15) and gut health restoring anti-bacterial (16 ) dietary supplement in pigs. Moreover, CPL is the most widespread compound in the medical market and recently has been approved as feed additive in the EU. The CP...

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“…The ban of AGP in the EU goes back to 2006, but has only recently been implemented in the USA as a result of a new Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD 2017). Many substances of natural origin are studied as potential alternatives to AGP and some of them have been shown to be capable of reducing the harmful effects of early weaning of pigs and to protect growing pigs against enteric infections (S ˇperanda and Valpotić 2012, Thacker 2013, Papatsiros et al 2013, Dhama et al 2015, Laurino and Palmieri 2015. Promising results have been obtained with mannanoligosaccharide (MOS), particularly in diets for weaned pigs as a nutraceutical/immunomodulator (NC/IM) and for sows as an IM able to increase level of colostral (passive) immunity (Czech et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Valpotić

Zaja

Samardžija

et al. 2018

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The aim of this study was to assess modulatory effects of dietary supplements mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and clinoptilolite (CPL) as potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) given to 4-week old pigs at weaning (Day 0) on their innate/adaptive immunity by determining: alterations in C-reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin (HpG) serum levels, efficiency of blood monocytes (MO) and neutrophilic granulocytes (GR) for in vitro phagocytosis (PHC)/microbicidity (MBC) and proportion of extrathymic double positive CD4 CD8 (CD4 + CD8 + ) T cells throughout 35 days of the study. Neither MOS nor CPL changed the serum concentrations of CRP, whereas that of HpG was significantly increased in the CPL supplemented pigs (p<0.05) at Day 35. Activity of PHA of GR was significantly increased by both dietary supplements (p<0.05) from Day 7 to Day 35. Also, the GR from pigs fed with both supplements had significantly increased MBC at Day 7 (p<0.05), but at Day 35 such an increase was observed only for CPL. The in vitro PHC/MBC of MO did not change in either group of supplemented pigs. The pigs supplemented with MOS had a significantly higher proportion of CD4 + CD8 + T lymphocytes at Day 28 (p<0.05). Although both supplements showed a promising ability to stimulate rather innate than adaptive cellular immunity, it does not appear that any solely applied natural substance such as MOS or CPL in the current study could be a competitive alternative to conventional AGP for improving health and promoting growth in weaned pigs.

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Immunoregulation: A Proposal for an Experimental Model

Cited by 3 publications

References 144 publications

Zeolite clinoptilolite nanoporous feed additive for animals of veterinary importance: potentials and limitations

Zeolite clinoptilolite nanoporous feed additive for animals of veterinary importance: potentials and limitations

Influence of dietary mannan oligosaccharide and clinoptilolite on hematological, biochemical and gut histological parameters in weaned pigs

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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