Immunomodulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Abstract

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is an important and increasing cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), which accounts for approximately 20% of hospitalized patients. Previous reviews studies on immunity and AKI focused mainly on ischemia-reperfusion (IR), whereas no systematic review addressing drug-induced AKI and its related immune mechanisms is available. Recent studies have provided a deeper understanding on the mechanisms of drug-induced AKI, among which acute tubular interstitial injury induced by the breakdown of innate immunity was reported to play an important role. Emerging research on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has revealed its potential as treatment for drug-induced AKI. MSCs can inhibit kidney damage by regulating the innate immune balance, promoting kidney repair, and preventing kidney fibrosis. However, it is important to note that there are various sources of MSCs, which impacts on the immunomodulatory ability of the cells. This review aims to address the immune pathogenesis of drug-induced AKI versus that of IR-induced AKI, and to explore the immunomodulatory effects and therapeutic potential of MSCs for drug-induced AKI.

Kidney Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate cisplatin-induced kidney injury and apoptosis in rats

“…The kidneys of 1-day-old male SD rats were collected under aseptic condition. After washing the kidney tissues with PBS for 3 times, they were cut into pieces as much as possible, and digested with 1 mL 0.25% trypsin containing 0.02% EDTA at 37℃ for 15 min [20,22]. While digesting the tissues, take out the digestive juices and blow them 2-3 times with pipette to speed up the digestion process.…”

“…Its plasticity and paracrine properties make it an effective method to treat many diseases [14,15]. As the seed cells of cell therapy, stem cells have been widely used in the treatment of nervous system [16], cardiovascular system [17], digestive system [18], endocrine system [19] and urinary system [20], and some of achievements have been applied in the clinical practice, such as MSC have been used in the treatment and prevention of graft-versus host disease (GVHD) [21].…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Kidney Diseases: Potential and Challenges

“…Mesenchymal stem cells are a class of adult stem cells with self-renewal and differentiation potential 18 . They have become a new means of treating KD because of their multidirectional differentiation potential, high proliferative capacity, immune regulation, and self-replication 19 . They can be obtained from a variety of tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, placenta, amniotic fluid, and dental pulp 20 ( Fig.…”

A Lipid Droplet-Specific NIR Fluorescent Probe with a Large Stokes Shift for In Vivo Visualization of Polarity in Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

“…It is common for the urinary system to be infected or injured due to the local high concentration of xenobiotics, drugs, and metabolic wastes, causing acute kidney injury (AKI) . Nephrotoxicity caused by drugs is an important and increasing cause of acute kidney injury, which occurs in approximately 20% of hospitalized patients . AKI is a serious life-threatening disease indicated by an abrupt reduction in nephritic function and is in charge of annual 2 million deaths worldwide .…”

“…3 Nephrotoxicity caused by drugs is an important and increasing cause of acute kidney injury, which occurs in approximately 20% of hospitalized patients. 4 AKI is a serious life-threatening disease indicated by an abrupt reduction in nephritic function and is in charge of annual 2 million deaths worldwide. 5 Deemed as the third leading etiology of hospital-acquired AKI, contrast medium administration is uniquely swept by the kidney and overdose would frequently bring adverse effects such as tubular epithelial cell toxicity and deterioration of renal hemodynamics.…”