Immunology and personalized medicine in oncology

Past, Present and Future in Colorectal Surgery

“…Team of Franck Pages and Jerome Galon has shown that local immune reaction and the presence of high levels of infiltrating memory cells are correlated with the absence of signs of early metastatic invasion, a less advanced pathological stage and increased survival. The immunological data (type, density, and location of immune cells within the tumor) are better predictors of patient survival than the histopathological findings used in staging colorectal cancer (44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49). In 2018 in Lancet was published the international validation for the Immunoscore as prognostic marker in colorectal cancer (50).…”