Immunological responses and protection against Mycobacterium bovis in calves vaccinated with a low dose of BCG

Buddle, Bryce M.; Lisle, Geoffrey W. de; Pfeffer, A.; Aldwell, Frank E.

doi:10.1016/0264-410x(94)00055-r

Cited by 222 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These results are similar to those of previous studies using cattle experimentally infected with M. bovis and cattle vaccinated with M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). [4][5][6][7]12,18 In cattle experimentally infected with M. bovis, OD values were elevated following the CFT (0.1 ml of 3 mg bovine PPD/ml) and did not return to pre-skin test levels within the 59-day study period. 12,18 Likewise, a boost in ␥-IFN production was observed 14 days after the CCT in experimentally infected cattle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Purified Protein Derivatives and Effect of Skin Testing on Results of a Commercial Gamma Interferon Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Cattle

Whipple

Palmer

Slaughter³

et al. 2001

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Purified protein derivatives (PPD) prepared in the USA were compared with those prepared in Australia by a private company (CSL Veterinary) for use with a commercial gamma interferon (␥-IFN) assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. The effect of skin testing on results of the ␥-IFN assay was determined, and results were compared when blood samples were stimulated with PPD within 2 hours and after 24 hours of sample collection. Twenty cattle that were sensitized by subcutaneous injection of heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis were randomly divided into 3 groups. Cattle in group A were tested with the caudal fold skin test (CFT) on day 0 and the comparative cervical skin test (CCT) on day 7. Cattle in group B were tested with the CFT on day 0 and the CCT on day 63, and group C cattle were not skin tested. Blood samples for the ␥-IFN assay were collected at various times throughout the study period. Optical density (OD) values for the ␥-IFN assay were not significantly different when blood samples were stimulated with US avian PPD and CSL avian PPD. However, OD values were significantly higher for US bovine PPD than for CSL bovine PPD. However, the final interpretation of the ␥-IFN assay was usually the same when using either US or CSL PPD. In addition, OD values for the ␥-IFN assay were significantly higher for blood samples collected after sensitized cattle were skin tested than for samples collected from the same cattle before skin testing or from cattle not skin tested.The OD values for blood samples stimulated within 2 hours of sample collection were significantly higher than for samples stimulated 24 hours after sample collection. However, OD values for all PPD-stimulated samples from sensitized cattle were significantly higher in samples collected 3 days after skin testing and stimulated 24 hours after collection than for samples from the same animals collected before skin testing and stimulated within 2 hours of sample collection. Results of this study indicate that PPD prepared in the USA or Australia can be used to stimulate blood samples for the ␥-IFN assay. Skin testing cattle prior to collection of blood for the ␥-IFN assay boosts production of ␥-IFN by lymphocytes from cattle that have had prior exposure to M. bovis antigens. Use of the ␥-IFN assay in conjunction with skin testing may improve detection of cattle infected with M. bovis. In addition, the increase in production of ␥-IFN after skin testing will permit greater flexibility in conducting the assay because samples can be stimulated after they have been shipped overnight rather than only on the day of sample collection.Programs for eradication of bovine tuberculosis from the USA were initiated in 1917 when the prevalence of disease was about 5%. 2 Throughout the history of the eradication program, tuberculin skin tests have been the only tests officially approved for diagnosis of tuberculosis in live cattle. The caudal fold skin test (CFT) is the primary test used. Purified protein derivatives (PPD) produced from Mycobacterium bovis (...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Purified Protein Derivatives and Effect of Skin Testing on Results of a Commercial Gamma Interferon Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Cattle

Whipple

Palmer

Slaughter³

et al. 2001

J VET Diagn Invest

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“…At lower infectious doses, the proportion of diseased animals drops, as well as the severity of the disease. A dose of 10 3 given intratracheally induces normal pathology when assessed 4e5 months after infection [7,10,11]. Intratonsillar exposure is commonly used because of its technical convenience in combination with the fact that it still induces lesions that are comparable to what is seen in natural infections [12].…”

Section: Exposure and Infectious Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine tuberculosis as a model for human tuberculosis: advantages over small animal models

Rhijn

Godfroid

Michel

et al. 2008

Microbes and Infection

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“…Another study observed that a low dose of BCG vaccine favors a TH1 type of immune response vs. a TH2 type of response in Balb/c mice (14); TH1 type responses are considered to favor enhanced protective immunity against intracellular parasites, most convincingly in the case of Leishmania. Finally, several studies of BCG vaccine indicate an absent effect of dose on protective immunity, particularly when the immunizationchallenge interval is greater than 7 weeks (6,12,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Whatever the relationship between dose and efficacy of wild-type BCG, whether a more potent recombinant BCG vaccine would exhibit the same dose-efficacy relationship was not known before the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraordinarily few organisms of a live recombinant BCG vaccine against tuberculosis induce maximal cell-mediated and protective immunity

Horwitz

Harth

Dillon

et al. 2006

Vaccine

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Immunological responses and protection against Mycobacterium bovis in calves vaccinated with a low dose of BCG

Cited by 222 publications

References 26 publications

Comparison of Purified Protein Derivatives and Effect of Skin Testing on Results of a Commercial Gamma Interferon Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Cattle

Comparison of Purified Protein Derivatives and Effect of Skin Testing on Results of a Commercial Gamma Interferon Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Cattle

Bovine tuberculosis as a model for human tuberculosis: advantages over small animal models

Extraordinarily few organisms of a live recombinant BCG vaccine against tuberculosis induce maximal cell-mediated and protective immunity

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