Immunological Components of Milk: Formation and Function

Goldblum, Randall M.; Goldman, Armond S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-524730-6.50056-7

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In addition to antibodies and other soluble factors, human colostrum presents large amounts of viable leukocytes (1 × 10 9 cells/ml during the first days of lactation). Phagocyte populations are the main cell lineages in this secretion, including many macrophages [10]. Phagocytes usually make up 80-100% of the cells in colostrum, but proportions of mononuclear (MN) and polymorphic (PMN) phagocytes vary widely from person to person [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colostral Mononuclear Phagocytes are Able to Kill Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Opsonized with Colostral IgA

Honório-França¹,

Carvalho²,

Isaac³

et al. 1997

Scand J Immunol

123

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Honorio-França AC, Carvalho MPSM, Isaac L, Trabulsi LR, Carneiro-Sampaio MMS. Colostral Mononuclear Phagocytes are Able to Kill Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Opsonized with Colostral IgA. Scand J Immunol 1997;46:59-66 Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is the main aetiological agent of acute diarrhoea among low socioeconomic level infants in developing countries. Breast-feeding provides infant protection against acute gastrointestinal and respiratory infections; however, little is known about the protective role of colostral phagocytes in the gut of newborn infants. In the present investigation we studied the ability of human colostral MN phagocytes to kill EPEC as well as the interactions between these cells and colostral and serum opsonins. The authors observed that the microbicidal activity of colostrum MN phagocytes was dependent on previous EPEC opsonization with colostral supernatant or blood serum. A defatted colostrum supernatant pool presented opsonic activity for EPEC killing at levels equivalent to those of normal serum. IgA-depleted colostrum supernatant showed significantly lower opsonic activity, whereas purified IgA from the same colostrum pool was a potent opsonin which induced EPEC killing at levels equivalent to those of untreated colostrum. Colostral MN phagocytes are able to release superoxide anion when incubated with both EPEC opsonized with untreated colostrum and purified IgA. Purified IgA was also able to restore opsonic activity of IgA-depleted colostrum. A colostrum pool without C3 and IgG induced EPEC killing by colostral MN phagocytes at rates equivalent to those of untreated colostrum supernatant. Addition of an IgM MoAb (My43) anti-human Fca receptor resulted in a significant inhibition of EPEC killing when bacteria were opsonized with purified IgA, suggesting an interaction between IgA and FcaR. With respect to serum opsonins, we observed that IgG plus complement component C3 were necessary to induce EPEC killing by the colostrum MN phagocytes. Colostral phagocyte killing of enteropathogenic bacteria may represent an additional mechanism of breast-feeding protein against intestinal infections during the first week of life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colostral Mononuclear Phagocytes are Able to Kill Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Opsonized with Colostral IgA

Honório-França¹,

Carvalho²,

Isaac³

et al. 1997

Scand J Immunol

123

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“…The frequency of infections is lower in breast-fed than in bottlefed infants. The anti-bacterial and anti-viral secretory IgA and IgM antibodies are important protective factors in human colostrum and milk [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Polyreactive IgA and IgM Autoantibodies in Human Colostrum

Vassilev

Veleva

1996

Scand J Immunol

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Secretory antibodies against bacteria and viruses in human colostrum and milk are known to be important protective factors for the breast-fed infant. The authors have shown by enzyme immunoassay that colostrum contains IgA and IgM antibodies to a number of autoantigens: native DNA, actin, myosin, myoglobin, laminin, transferrin and thyroglobulin. These antibodies were polyspecific-those with anti-DNA reactivity immunopurified on a DNA-cellulose affinity column bound to a panel of self- and environmental antigens. The levels of natural autoantibodies in the immunoglobulin fraction of human colostrum were 3-10 times lower (when presented as antibody activity per microgram of immunoglobulin) than in the immunoglobulin fraction of serum. The biological significance of the presence of B cells with autoantibody specificity in the mammary gland and of natural autoantibodies in colostrum and milk is not clear. It has been suggested that self-reacting autoantibodies in serum play a major role in the selection of the pre-immune B-cell repertoire and in the maintenance of the immune homeostasis. The authors hypothesize that the natural autoantibodies in colostrum and milk may contribute to the selection process of physiological repertoire during the early postnatal period in breast-fed infants. This could explain the lower frequency of allergic, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and lymphomas which is seen in their later life when compared with that observed in children who have been formula-fed after birth.

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“…Nutritional, metabolic and immunological processes in the gut are reflected in the mammary gland and the milk through the entero‐mammary link (16). Therefore, manipulation of the gut flora by probiotic supplementation may affect the immune composition of breast milk.…”

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confidence: 99%

Low breast milk TGF‐β2 is induced by Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation and associates with reduced risk of sensitization during infancy

Böttcher

Abrahamsson²,

Fredriksson

et al. 2008

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

117

108

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The immunological composition of breast milk differs between mothers. The reasons for these differences and the consequences for the breast-fed infants are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation on the immunological composition of breast milk in relation to sensitization and eczema in the babies. Total IgA, secretory IgA (SIgA), TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, IL-10, TNF, soluble CD14 (sCD14), and Na/K ratios were analyzed in colostrum and mature milk obtained from women treated with L. reuteri (n = 54) or placebo (n = 55) from gestational week 36 until delivery. Bacteriological analyses of L. reuteri were performed in faecal samples of the mothers. The infants were followed prospectively for 2 yr regarding development of eczema and sensitization as defined by a positive skin prick test and/or circulating allergen-specific IgE antibodies at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. Supplementation of L. reuteri during pregnancy was associated with low levels of TGF-beta2 and slightly increased levels of IL-10 in colostrum. For TGF-beta2, this association was most pronounced in mothers with detectable L. reuteri in faeces. Infants receiving breast milk with low levels of TGF-beta2 were less likely to become sensitized during their first 2 yr of life. A similar trend was observed for development of IgE-associated eczema. The levels of total IgA, SIgA, TGF-beta1, TNF, sCD14, and Na/K ratios in breast milk were not affected by the intake of L. reuteri. None of these parameters correlated with sensitization or development of eczema in the infant, except for high Na/K ratios that associated with increased risk of sensitization. Supplementation with L. reuteri during late pregnancy reduces breast milk levels of TGF-beta2, and low levels of this cytokine are associated with less sensitization and possibly less IgE-associated eczema in breast-fed infants.

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Immunological Components of Milk: Formation and Function

Cited by 16 publications

References 87 publications

Colostral Mononuclear Phagocytes are Able to Kill Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Opsonized with Colostral IgA

Colostral Mononuclear Phagocytes are Able to Kill Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Opsonized with Colostral IgA

Natural Polyreactive IgA and IgM Autoantibodies in Human Colostrum

Low breast milk TGF‐β2 is induced by Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation and associates with reduced risk of sensitization during infancy

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