Immunohistochemical Localization of the Androgen Receptor in Rat and Human Tissues*

Sar, Madhabananda; Lubahn, Dennis B.; French, Frank S.; Wilson, Elizabeth M.

doi:10.1210/endo-127-6-3180

Cited by 461 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The relationship between androgens and AR expression is complex and differs depending on brain region and species. Nonetheless, testosterone restores AR immunoreactivity following castration in reproductive brain regions in rats (Sar et al, 1990), ferrets (Kashon et al, 1996), guinea pigs (Choate and Resko, 1996) and Siberian hamsters (Bittman et al, 2003). Plasma levels of androgens have not been reported for naked mole-rats, but males have higher urinary testosterone than females Faulkes, 1997, 1998;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Social status and sex independently influence androgen receptor expression in the eusocial naked mole-rat brain

Holmes

Goldman

Forger

2008

Hormones and Behavior

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Naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) are eusocial rodents that live in large subterranean colonies including a single breeding female and 1-3 breeding males; all other members of the colony, known as subordinates, are reproductively suppressed. We recently found that naked mole-rats lack many of the sex differences in the brain and spinal cord commonly found in other rodents. Instead, neural morphology is influenced by breeding status, such that breeders, regardless of sex, have more neurons than subordinates in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), and larger overall volumes of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and medial amygdala (MeA). To begin to understand how breeding status influences brain morphology, we examined the distribution of androgen receptor (AR) immunoreactivity in gonadally intact breeders and subordinates of both sexes. All animals had AR+ nuclei in many of the same regions positive for AR in other mammals, including the VMH, BST, PVN, MeA, and the ventral portion of the premammillary nucleus (PMv). We also observed diffuse labeling throughout the pre-optic area demonstrating that distribution of the AR protein in presumptive reproductive brain nuclei is wellconserved, even in a species that exhibits remarkably little sexual dimorphism. In contrast to other rodents, however, naked mole-rats lacked AR+ nuclei in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and hippocampus. Males had more AR+ nuclei in the MeA, VMH, and PMv than did females. Surprisingly, breeders had significantly fewer AR+ nuclei than subordinates in all brain regions examined (VMH, BST, PVN, MeA, and PMv). Thus, social status is strongly correlated with AR immunoreactivity in this eusocial species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The distribution of AR protein and mRNA is well conserved across mammalian species (Sar et al, 1990;Simerly et al, 1990). As a rule, AR is found throughout the hypothalamus and preoptic area as well as in telencephalic structures that project to these regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social status and sex independently influence androgen receptor expression in the eusocial naked mole-rat brain

Holmes

Goldman

Forger

2008

Hormones and Behavior

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“…In the rat pituitary, AR immunoreactivity was found in nuclei of some secretory cells which were not identified (Sar et al 1990). These receptors are likely to be involved in the direct action of androgens on gonadotrophin secretion, as observed in cultured anterior pituitary cells (Labrie et al 1983).…”

Section: Pituitary Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By immunocytochemistry, AR have been localized in a variety of human tissues, including reproductive tissues in both sexes (Ruizeveld de Winter et al 1991, Kimura et al 1993. Similarly, in the rat, AR have also been localized not only in male but also in female reproductive tissues (Sar et al 1990, Hirai et al 1994, Tetsuka et al 1995.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of oestrogen receptor alpha, oestrogen receptor beta and androgen receptors in the rat reproductive organs

Pelletier

Labrie

Labrie³

2000

Journal of Endocrinology

394

232

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There is now evidence that oestrogens and androgens can influence male and female reproductive systems. In order to accurately identify the sites of action of oestrogens and androgens, we have proceeded to the histological localization of the two oestrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ER and ER , and the androgen receptor (AR) in the reproductive tissues of adult rats of both sexes. AR was detected by immunocytochemistry, while ER and ER were localized by both immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. In the pituitary gland of animals of both sexes, ER was found in the majority of nuclei of secretory cells in the anterior pituitary. The intermediate and posterior lobes did not show any staining. ER was not found to be expressed in any of the pituitary lobes. Using AR antibodies, nuclear staining was detected in about 50% of secretory cells of the anterior lobe, the intermediate and posterior lobes being completely unstained. In the testis, ER was localized in nuclei of Leydig cells as well as in round spermatocytes and spermatids, while ER could only be detected in Sertoli cell nuclei. AR immunoreactivity was found in nuclei of Sertoli, peritubular myoid and Leydig cells. In the prostate, ER was observed in epithelial cells of tubulo-alveoli, while the stroma was unlabelled. ER was not found to be expressed in any prostate cells. In the prostate, AR was detected in nuclei of epithelial, stromal and endothelial cells. In seminal vesicles, staining of ER was found in nuclei of epithelial and stromal cells. Similar findings were observed using AR antibodies. While ER mRNA could not be detected by in situ hybridization, weak staining for ER was localized in epithelial cells of seminal vesicles. In the ovary, both ER and ER were found to be expressed. ER mRNA was found in granulosa cells of growing follicles, while ER was present in theca cells, interstitial gland cells and germinal epithelium. AR immunoreactivity was detected in granulosa cell nuclei in growing follicles and also in scattered interstitial cells. In the oviduct and uterus, ER was observed in nuclei of epithelial cells as well as of stromal and muscle cells. Similarly, AR immunoreactivity was present in nuclei of epithelial cells, stromal and muscle cells in both the oviduct and uterus. ER was not detected in the oviduct and uterus. The present findings indicate a cell-specific localization of ER , ER and AR in reproductive tissues in rats of both sexes. By establishing the precise sites of action of oestrogens and androgens they contribute to a better understanding of the respective role of these steroids in reproduction function.

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“…Such a drop is associated with changes in temperature and\or gonadotrophin secretion (Fraile et al 1989). The direct action of testosterone in the testis may be mediated by androgen receptors such as those found in interstitial cells, Sertoli cells, and peritubular cells in the mammalian testis (Sar et al 1990).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor‐alpha (ER‐α) and estrogen receptor‐beta (ER‐β) expression in the testis of the newt, Triturus marmoratus marmoratus during the annual cycle

et al. 2001

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Expression of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) and estrogen receptor beta (ER-β) in the testis of the marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus marmoratus) was investigated, with special attention to changes during the annual testicular cycle, using light microscopy immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Primordial germ cells, primary and secondary spermatogonia and spermatocytes showed a positive reaction to the 3 receptor antibodies during the annual reproductive cycle. Follicular cells were positive to AR, ER-α and ER-β during the spermiogenesis and quiescence periods in the glandular tissue. Interstitial cells showed reactivity to AR, ER-α and ER-β in the spermiogenesis and the quiescence periods, and presented no labelling to these receptors in the proliferative period. These findings suggest that, as in mammals, there is an androgen-estrogen regulation of the function and development of the newt testis.

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Immunohistochemical Localization of the Androgen Receptor in Rat and Human Tissues*

Cited by 461 publications

References 22 publications

Social status and sex independently influence androgen receptor expression in the eusocial naked mole-rat brain

Social status and sex independently influence androgen receptor expression in the eusocial naked mole-rat brain

Localization of oestrogen receptor alpha, oestrogen receptor beta and androgen receptors in the rat reproductive organs

Androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor‐alpha (ER‐α) and estrogen receptor‐beta (ER‐β) expression in the testis of the newt, Triturus marmoratus marmoratus during the annual cycle

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