Immunogenetic Status of Children with Mild Iodine Deficiency, Latent Iron Deficiency and Their Combination

Abstract

Due to the prevalence of microelementosis (including iodine and iron deficiencies), cytogenetic abnormalities in children with microelement imbalance were studied. The objective of the research was to assess the abnormalities in the immunogenetic status of the organism by the frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations, associations of acrocentric chromosomes and to determine the frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood leukocytes in children with mild iodine deficiency, latent iron deficiency and their combination. Materials and methods. There were examined 68 boys and 65 girls at the age of 6 to 18 years. In the analysis of indicators, the main attention was paid to the age-(6-11 and 12-18 years) and gender-related peculiarities. Results and discussion. In all the children, associations of acrocentric chromosomes of two chromosomes were most commonly observed: in the control group, this indicator was 73.74%; in iodine deficiency, it was 67.72%; in iron deficiency, it was 67.68%; in combined microelementosis, the indictor was 68.68%. Chromosomal abnormalities were recorded in 56.03% of children. However, in the control group, this indicator was 40.94%, while in microelement imbalance, it was 71.13%. The most significant changes in the spectrum of chromosomal aberrations were identified in iodine and iron deficiencies (increase in the frequency of paired fragments, dicentrics, translocations, and the presence of a ring chromosome). Conclusions. Changes in the frequency and characteristics of the number of chromosomes in associations of acrocentric chromosomes, the frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations, and the number of micronuclei indicated genotype instability, especially in iodine deficiency and combined microelement imbalance. Keywords mild iodine deficiency; latent iodine deficiency; chromosomal aberrations; association of acrocentric chromosomes; children of school age Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine *Corresponding author: fap12710@gmail.com Problem statement and analysis of the recent researchAn important indicator of the immunogenetic status of the organism is the state of the chromosomal apparatus: the level of chromosomal abnormalities, associative ability of acrocentric chromosomes. One of the methods for studying the effects of various exo-and endogenous factors on human immunoreactivity is the cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), which reflects the specific reaction of the immune cells to any antigenic stimulus. The cytogenetic analysis of the PBL is an internationally recognized method for assessing the immunogenic status of the organism. Numerous studies of the chromosomal apparatus being known today are devoted to the study of associations of acrocentric chromosomes (AAC) [2,20], the frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations (CA) [1,5,7,9,11,17,21], micronuclei (MN) analysis [8] in children and adults in various diseases. 5 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes of groups D [13,14,15] and G [21,22] in the...