Immunocontraceptive Approaches in Females

Gupta, Satish Kumar; Chakravarty, S. C.; Kadunganattil, Suraj

doi:10.1159/000087823

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Genetic manipulations, including selective breeding, study of inbred lines and their intercrosses, and manipulation of specific genes by means of molecular biologic approaches or mutagenesis, also have provided useful insights. An alternative strategy, termed immunopharmacotherapy, has been highly touted in other fields (30), including the field of drug abuse (31); however, until now, it has not been applied to the problem of obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination against weight gain

Zorrilla

Iwasaki

Moss

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

201

143

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Obesity endangers the lives of millions of people worldwide, through comorbidities such as heart disease, cancers, type 2 diabetes, stroke, arthritis, and major depression. New approaches to control body weight remain a high priority. Vaccines traditionally have been used to protect against infectious diseases and, more recently, for unconventional targets such as drug addiction. Methodologies that could specifically modulate the bioavailability of an endogenous molecule that regulates energy balance might provide a new foundation for treating obesity. Here we show that active vaccination of mature rats with ghrelin immunoconjugates decreases feed efficiency, relative adiposity, and body weight gain in relation to the immune response elicited against ghrelin in its active, acylated form. Three active vaccines based on the 28-aa residue sequence of ghrelin, a gastric endocrine hormone, were used to immunize adult male Wistar rats (n ‫؍‬ 17). Synthetic ghrelin analogs were prepared that spanned residues 1-10 [ghrelin (1-10) Ser-3(butanoyl) hapten, Ghr1], 13-28 [ghrelin (13-28) hapten, Ghr2], and 1-28 [ghrelin(1-28) Ser-3(butanoyl) hapten, Ghr3], and included n-butanoyl esters at Ser-3. Groups immunized with Ghr1 or Ghr3 showed greater and more selective plasma binding capacity for the active, Ser-3-(n-octanoyl) form of ghrelin as compared with Ghr2 or keyhole limpet hemocyanin vaccinated controls. Accordingly, they gained less body weight, with sparing of lean mass and preferential reduction of body fat, consistent with reduced circulating leptin levels. The ratio of brain͞serum ghrelin levels was lower in rats with strong anti-ghrelin immune responses. Effects were not attributable to nonspecific inflammatory responses. Vaccination against the endogenous hormone ghrelin can slow weight gain in rats by decreasing feed efficiency.feed efficiency ͉ ghrelin ͉ obesity ͉ body weight regulation ͉ vaccine A pproximately 1 billion people worldwide are overweight or obese (body mass index ϭ 25-29.9 or Ն30 kg͞m 2 , respectively), with disproportionately higher prevalence rates in affluent countries (1). For example, in the United States, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) found that, in [2003][2004], Ϸ66% of all American adults 20 years of age or older were overweight or obese. Almost 4 of every 5 adult men aged 40-59 were so classified (2). Even in children and adolescents between the ages of 6-11 and 12-19, 19% and 17%, respectively, were overweight (2). Alarmingly, the prevalence of obesity has tripled for adolescents in the past two decades. The increase in the number of people who are overweight or obese cuts across all ages, racial and ethnic groups, and both genders (2), and is increasingly global (3, 4). For example, the prevalence of obesity in urban preschoolers in China climbed Ͼ8-fold between 1989 and 1997 (5), and the rate of obesity in British adults rose almost 3-fold from 1980-2002 (6). In 2000, Ͼ110,000 deaths in the United States were associated with obesity, as shown by confound...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination against weight gain

Zorrilla

Iwasaki

Moss

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

201

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As our knowledge of molecular reproduction grows, more members of the functional molecules, which participate in the fertilization, development or transportation of gametes, have been assessed as potential candidates for the development of antifertility vaccines. In this regard, most of the studies thus far have focused on the immunoresponse of reproductive protein hormones [17,18] and gamete-specific antigens [19,20]. However, serious side effects, such as hormone imbalance, orchiditis or ovaritis, may develop [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitope topology and removal of mouse acrosomal plasma membrane by P12-targeted immunoaggregation

Lin

Luo²,

Wang

et al. 2006

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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“…Immunocontraception inducts ovule and sperm antigens and genital and infertility hormones. [8] Vaccination based on sperm antigens presents a sure method in contraception. [9] Systemic immunization against mature sperm has restrained fertility of female possums significantly.…”

Section: Anti-sperm Antibody and Decrease In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocontraception stimulation advantages versus other fertility control methods

Vafadari¹,

Khoshbakht²,

Khoshbakht³

2013

Indian J Med Sci

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The world population with an increase of 75% will be 10 billion by 2050. Current contraception methods have difficulties, and there is no safe and ideal way of contraception. Contraception, which based on immunocontraception stimulation, is a modern method presentation. This study is going to review and examine the response of anti-sperm anti-body in serum and uterus secretions, and resultant infertility induction rate. Despite of current different contradictions in the field of mature sperm protein capability in infertility induction, the results of this study showed that, immunocontraception stimulation is the best way of infertility induction. Antibody response induction is wholly depends on the type of immunogenic element and its method of presentation. Compared with other different methods of presentation, the intramuscular presentation method was efficient than mucous presentation methods. Perhaps the inefficiency of mucous methods is due to the largeness of mature sperm antigen and mucous cells inability in presentation of this antigen to immune system in mucous presentation methods. More studies should be done in future.

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Immunocontraceptive Approaches in Females

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Vaccination against weight gain

Vaccination against weight gain

Epitope topology and removal of mouse acrosomal plasma membrane by P12-targeted immunoaggregation

Immunocontraception stimulation advantages versus other fertility control methods

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