Immunochemical evidence for the presence of 5mC, 6mA and 7mG in human, Drosophila and mealybug DNA

Achwal, Chhaya W.; Iyer, Chitra A.; Chandra, H. Sharat

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(83)80612-7

Cited by 75 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…) reported were high amounts of 6-methyladenosine and 7-methylguanosine which are rarely found in DNA of higher eukaryotes. This was later confi rmed in the same species by Achwal et al (1983) using a highly sensitive immunochemical approach. Devajyothi and Brahmachari (1992) reported a CpA methylase from the mealybug Planococcus lilacinus which could methylate both (CpG) and (CpA) dinucleotides.…”

Section: Models For Imprinting In Mealybugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic imprinting in the mealybugs

Khosla

Mendiratta

Brahmachari

2006

Cytogenet Genome Res

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The coccid insects (Hemiptera; Sternorrhyncha; Aphidiformes; Coccoidea; Pseudococcidae) are well suited to study not only the mechanisms of genomic imprinting but also facultative heterochromatization, a phenomenon well exemplified by inactivation of the X chromosome in female mammals. Coccids show sex-specific heterochromatization of an entire set of chromosomes and transcriptional silencing of all the paternally contributed chromosomes in males. Thus, genomic imprinting and the resultant differential regulation operate on 50% of the genome in contrast to the single X chromosome in female mammals. A significant insight into the phenomenon of genomic imprinting has come from very elegant cytological analysis of the coccid system. Recently, efforts have been made to dissect out at the molecular level the phenomenon of genomic imprinting in these insects. The present review summarizes both of these aspects. In light of the accruing experimental evidence for chromatin-based differences in the maternal and paternal genomes, it appears that the mealybug system may provide evidence for stable maintenance of chromatin code not only through mitosis but also through meiosis.

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Section: Models For Imprinting In Mealybugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic imprinting in the mealybugs

Khosla

Mendiratta

Brahmachari

2006

Cytogenet Genome Res

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“…The presence of unusual methylation like 6mA, 7mG and 5mC and non-CpG methylation was reported in P. lilacinus [Deobagkar et al, 1982;Achwal et al, 1983]. Hypermethylation of genomic DNA in males in Pseudococcus obscurus and Pseudococcus calceolariae was reported by Scarbrough et al [1984] and enrichment of CpG methylation in males of P. lilacinus was demonstrated by Mohan et al [2005], while Bongiorni et al [1999] found hypomethylation in the paternal set in P. citri .…”

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confidence: 92%

An Analysis of Histone Modifications in Relation to Sex-Specific Chromatin Organization in the Mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Mathur

Mendiratta

Ganapathi

et al. 2010

Cytogenet Genome Res

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The male-specific heterochromatization of the paternal genome, observed in coccids, is an example of both genomic imprinting and differential regulation of homologous chromosomes. We observed a highly nuclease-resistant chromatin (NRC) organization of a part of the paternal genome in males of Maconellicoccus hirsutus as reported earlier in Planococcus lilacinus. The nuclease resistance of NRC is correlated with nuclear matrix association and is lost when NRC is dissociated from the matrix. We carried out a comparative analysis of epigenetic modifications of histones in matrix associated chromatin of male and female mealybugs by ELISA. We detected H3K27me3, H4K20me3, H3K9me2 and H3K4me3 in both males and females and observed significant enrichment of H3K27me3 in the nuclear matrix of males compared to that of females. To further examine the presence of NRC in the germ line, nuclei were sorted based on chromatin compaction. The analysis of sorted nuclei indicates the presence of NRC in nuclei with different DNA content including the haploid nuclei from males. We discuss these results in the light of the presence of NRC exclusively in male nuclei and the retention of the maternal genome in sperm nuclei of mealybugs.

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“…The method as described 47,48 was used for detection of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). MRC5 genomic DNA (500 ng) was spotted on nitrocellulose membrane (Schleicher & Schuell), dried and cross-linked by exposure to ultraviolet on both sides of the membrane for 3 minutes.…”

Section: Immunochemical Staining For the Detection Of 5-methylcytosinementioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic modulation upon exposure of lung fibroblasts to TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles: alterations in DNA methylation

Patil

Gade

Deobagkar

2016

IJN

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Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are promising candidates for numerous applications in consumer products. This will lead to increased human exposure, thus posing a threat to human health. Both these types of NPs have been studied for their cell toxicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity. However, effects of these NPs on epigenetic modulations have not been studied. Epigenetics is an important link in the genotype and phenotype modulation and misregulation can often lead to lifestyle diseases. In this study, we have evaluated the DNA methylation-based epigenetic changes upon exposure to various concentrations of NPs. The investigation was designed to evaluate global DNA methylation, estimating the corresponding methyltransferase activity and expression of Dnmt gene using lung fibroblast (MRC5) cell line as lungs are the primary route of entry and target of occupational exposure to TiO 2 and ZnO NPs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based immunochemical assay revealed dose-related decrease in global DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase activity. We also found direct correlation between the concentration of NPs, global methylation levels, and expression levels of Dnmt1, 3A, and 3B genes upon exposure. This is the first study to investigate effect of exposure to TiO 2 and ZnO on DNA methylation levels in MRC5 cells. Epigenetic processes are known to play an important role in reprogramming and adaptation ability of an organism and can have long-term consequences. We suggest that changes in DNA methylation can serve as good biomarkers for early exposure to NPs since they occur at concentrations well below the sublethal levels. Our results demonstrate a clear epigenetic alteration in response to metal oxide NPs and that this effect was dose-dependent.

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Immunochemical evidence for the presence of 5mC, 6mA and 7mG in human, Drosophila and mealybug DNA

Cited by 75 publications

References 35 publications

Genomic imprinting in the mealybugs

Genomic imprinting in the mealybugs

An Analysis of Histone Modifications in Relation to Sex-Specific Chromatin Organization in the Mealybug <i>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</i>

Epigenetic modulation upon exposure of lung fibroblasts to TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZnO nanoparticles: alterations in DNA methylation

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