Immunization with C5a peptidase from either group A or B streptococci enhances clearance of group A streptococci from intranasally infected mice

Cleary, P. Patrick; Matsuka, Yury V.; Huynh, Thu; Lam, Hong; Olmsted, Stephen B.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.04.030

Cited by 74 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Thus, there will be a need for active surveillance, and a change in the composition of a vaccine may be required on a regular basis. In view of these facts, alternative broad-spectrum GAS vaccines using part of conserved region of M protein or other antigens (11,26,27) need to be promoted. GAS vaccine research thus far has mainly aimed at attaining protective immunity at the mucosal level, so as to prevent GAS colonization of the throat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

M Protein Gene ( emm Type) Analysis of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci from Ethiopia Reveals Unique Patterns

Tewodros

Kronvall

2005

J Clin Microbiol

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The genetic diversity of group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates obtained in 1990 from Ethiopian children with various streptococcal diseases was studied by using emm gene sequence analysis. A total of 217 GAS isolates were included: 155 and 62 isolates from throat and skin, respectively. A total of 78 different emm/st types were detected among the 217 isolates. Of these, 166 (76.5%) belonged to 52 validated reference emm types, 26 (11.9%) belonged to 16 already recognized sequence types (st types) and 25 (11.5%) belonged to 10 undocumented new sequence types. Resistance to tetracycline (148 of 217) was not correlated to emm type. Isolation rate of the classical rheumatogenic and nephritogenic strains was low from cases of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), respectively. Instead, the recently discovered st types were overrepresented among isolates from patients with ARF (3 of 7) and AGN (9 of 16) (P < 0.01) compared to isolates from subjects with tonsillitis and from healthy carriers (10 of 57 and 16 of 90, respectively). In contrast to rheumatogenic strains from the temperate regions, more than half of the isolates from ARF (four of seven) carried the genetic marker for skin preference, emm pattern D, although most of them (six of seven) were isolated from throat. Of 57 tonsillitis-associated isolates, 16 (28%) belonged to emm pattern D compared to <1% in temperate regions. As in other reports emm patterns A to C were strongly associated with throat, whereas emm pattern D did not correlate to skin. This first large-scale emm typing report from Africa has demonstrated a heterogeneous GAS population and contrasting nature of GAS epidemiology in the region.Accurate identification and typing of group A hemolytic streptococci (GAS) is an essential part of epidemiological and pathogenetic studies of streptococcal diseases. A serotyping system based on antigenic variation of a surface exposed M protein and developed by Rebecca Lancefield has been in use since 1928. Although additional serotyping systems, the T and OF typing, were developed as valuable and practical substitutes, the M typing system was considered the gold standard. However, a limited supply of antisera and the high nontypeability rate among isolates, in particular those from the tropics, challenged its continued usage. In recent years, several molecular typing systems have been reported as alternatives for M typing (4,19,25). Most of the knowledge that has been accumulated concerning GAS epidemiology is based on M typing system; hence, a molecular system that correlates with this system has practical significance. The emm typing system (4, 25) which is based on sequence analysis of PCR products of the N-terminal hypervariable region of the M protein gene, concurs with M serotyping almost 1:1 (17). In addition to its simplicity, this typing system has allowed the detection of several previously unknown GAS types from different geographic regions (5,24,32,36).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

M Protein Gene ( emm Type) Analysis of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci from Ethiopia Reveals Unique Patterns

Tewodros

Kronvall

2005

J Clin Microbiol

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“…However, major studies to vaccinate against group A streptococci, like for S. aureus, are directed against surface antigens, particularly M protein (322)(323)(324) and C5a peptidase (325). These studies are also in their infancy.…”

Section: Active Vaccination Against S Aureus and Superantigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Superantigen Exotoxins

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY This review begins with a discussion of the large family of Staphylococcus aureus and beta-hemolytic streptococcal pyrogenic toxin T lymphocyte superantigens from structural and immunobiological perspectives. With this as background, the review then discusses the major known and possible human disease associations with superantigens, including associations with toxic shock syndromes, atopic dermatitis, pneumonia, infective endocarditis, and autoimmune sequelae to streptococcal illnesses. Finally, the review addresses current and possible novel strategies to prevent superantigen production and passive and active immunization strategies.

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“…ScpB can bind to integrins, which may promote both binding to host cells and complement proteolysis (Brown et al, 2005). Naturally occurring ScpB variants with a deletion that destroys peptidase function retain the capacity to bind fibronectin (Cleary et al, 2004, Tamura et al, 2006. GBS attachment to fibrinogen is mediated by the surface-anchored protein FbsA (Schubert et al, 2004), and adherence to laminin involves the adhesin Lmb (Spellerberg et al, 1999).…”

Section: How Does Gbs Colonize the Urogenital Tract?mentioning

confidence: 99%