Immunity-Based Evolutionary Interpretation of Diet-Induced Thermogenesis

Liao, Wan-Hui; Henneberg, Maciej; Langhans, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.002

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…The levels of UCP1were higher in mice treated with HFD. This phenomenon might be explained by diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) 40,41 .We proffer that HFD stimulated thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and the mice displayed elevated BAT activity. Further study is needed to explore and verify this mechanism, however.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of Akkermansia muciniphila on cognitive deficits and amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

et al. 2020

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Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global health problem without effective methods to alleviate the disease progression. Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is widely accepted as a key biomarker for AD. Metabolic syndromes, including obesity and insulin resistance, are key high risk factors for AD. Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk), the only representative human gut microbe in the genus Verrucomicrobia, can prevent the weight gain caused by a high-fat diet, repair the damaged integrity of the intestinal epithelium barrier, reduce endotoxin levels in blood and improve insulin resistance. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of Akk administration in AD model mice in different diets.Methods: APP/PS1 mice were fed either a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet and were treated with Akk by gavage each day for 6 months. The impacts of Akk on glucose metabolism, intestinal barrier and lipid metabolism in the mouse model of AD were determined. Changes in brain pathology and neuroethology were also analyzed.Results: Akk effectively reduced the fasting blood glucose and serum diamine oxidase levels, and alleviated the reduction of colonic mucus cells in APP/PS1 mice. After treatment with Akk, the APP/PS1 mice showed obviously reduced blood lipid levels, improved hepatic steatosis and scapular brown fat whitening. Moreover, Akk promoted the reduction of Aβ 40-42 levels in the cerebral cortex of APP/PS1 mice, shortened the study time and improved the completion rate in Y-maze tests.Conclusion: Akk effectively improved glucose tolerance, intestine barrier dysfunction and dyslipidemia in AD model mice. Our study results suggested that Akk could delay the pathological changes in the brain and relieve impairment of spatial learning and memory in AD model mice, which provides a new strategy for prevention and treatment of AD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of Akkermansia muciniphila on cognitive deficits and amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

et al. 2020

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“…Vagal afferents have been proposed to serve as a relay between the GI microbiome and brain functions [83] , [84] , presumably in response to the activation of vagal afferents by microbial metabolites. The fact that peripheral sensory neurons reside outside the blood–brain barrier makes them a particularly relevant target for pharmacological agents mimicking metabolites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling of G protein-coupled receptors in vagal afferents reveals novel gut-to-brain sensing mechanisms

Egerod

Petersen

Timshel

et al. 2018

Molecular Metabolism

135

117

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ObjectivesG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) act as transmembrane molecular sensors of neurotransmitters, hormones, nutrients, and metabolites. Because unmyelinated vagal afferents richly innervate the gastrointestinal mucosa, gut-derived molecules may directly modulate the activity of vagal afferents through GPCRs. However, the types of GPCRs expressed in vagal afferents are largely unknown. Here, we determined the expression profile of all GPCRs expressed in vagal afferents of the mouse, with a special emphasis on those innervating the gastrointestinal tract.MethodsUsing a combination of high-throughput quantitative PCR, RNA sequencing, and in situ hybridization, we systematically quantified GPCRs expressed in vagal unmyelinated Nav1.8-expressing afferents.ResultsGPCRs for gut hormones that were the most enriched in Nav1.8-expressing vagal unmyelinated afferents included NTSR1, NPY2R, CCK1R, and to a lesser extent, GLP1R, but not GHSR and GIPR. Interestingly, both GLP1R and NPY2R were coexpressed with CCK1R. In contrast, NTSR1 was coexpressed with GPR65, a marker preferentially enriched in intestinal mucosal afferents. Only few microbiome-derived metabolite sensors such as GPR35 and, to a lesser extent, GPR119 and CaSR were identified in the Nav1.8-expressing vagal afferents. GPCRs involved in lipid sensing and inflammation (e.g. CB1R, CYSLTR2, PTGER4), and neurotransmitters signaling (CHRM4, DRD2, CRHR2) were also highly enriched in Nav1.8-expressing neurons. Finally, we identified 21 orphan GPCRs with unknown functions in vagal afferents.ConclusionOverall, this study provides a comprehensive description of GPCR-dependent sensing mechanisms in vagal afferents, including novel coexpression patterns, and conceivably coaction of key receptors for gut-derived molecules involved in gut-brain communication.

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“…Firmicutes and bacteroidetes are considered especially important to public health. Firmicutes can ferment ingested food, while Bacteroidetes uptake and degrade polysaccharides (Xu et al, 2003;Liao et al, 2016). Turnbaugh et al (2006) found that after transplanting obese germfree mice with a relative high profusion of Firmicutes and nonobese mouse gut microbiota with a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides, the obese microbiome recipient mice had a higher dietary energy harvesting ability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alisma orientalis Beverage Treats Atherosclerosis by Regulating Gut Microbiota in ApoE-/- Mice

Zhu

Zhai

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: Alisma orientalis beverage (AOB) is a Chinese traditional medicine formulated with a diversity of medicinal plants and used for treating metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis (AS) since time ago. Given the current limited biological research on AOB, the mechanism by which AOB treats AS is unknown. This study investigats the role of AOB-induced gut microbiota regulation in the expansion of AS. Methods: We established an AS model in male apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE −/−) mice that are fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), treated with numerous interventions, and evaluated the inflammatory cytokines and serum biochemical indices. The root of the aorta was stained with oil red O, and the proportion of the lesion area was quantified. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and trimethylamine (TMA) levels in serum were evaluated through liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Flavin−containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) liver protein expression was assessed by Western blotting. 16S rDNA sequencing technique was adopted to establish the changes in the microbiota structure. Results: After 8 weeks of HFD feeding, an inflammatory cytokine, and AS development expression were significantly decreased in mice treated with AOB; the same parameters in the mice treated with the antibiotics cocktail did not change. In the gut microbiota study, mice treated with AOB had a markedly different gut microbiota than the HFD-fed mice. Additionally, AOB also decreased serum TMAO and hepatic FMO3 expression. Conclusion: The antiatherosclerotic effects of AOB were found associated with changes in the content of gut microbiota and a reduction in TMAO, a gut microbiota metabolite, suggesting that AOB has potential therapeutic value in the treatment of AS.

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Immunity-Based Evolutionary Interpretation of Diet-Induced Thermogenesis

Cited by 15 publications

References 116 publications

Protective effects of Akkermansia muciniphila on cognitive deficits and amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Protective effects of Akkermansia muciniphila on cognitive deficits and amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Profiling of G protein-coupled receptors in vagal afferents reveals novel gut-to-brain sensing mechanisms

Alisma orientalis Beverage Treats Atherosclerosis by Regulating Gut Microbiota in ApoE-/- Mice

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