Immune system participates in brain regeneration and restoration of reproduction in the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta

Molńar, László; Pollák, Edit; Z, Skopek; Gutt, Ewa; Kruk, Jerzy; Morgan, Andrew; Płytycz, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2015.04.001

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“… studied the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta. While earthworms can still regenerate themselves after amputation , they are not as efficient at doing so as are planarian worms. These workers excised a piece from the caudal section of the worm and irradiated the “stump” with a CW 808‐nm diode laser using a flat‐top hand‐piece at a power of 1 W to deliver a fluence of 64 J cm −2 .…”

Section: Pbm In Non‐mammalian Hosts and Model Organismssupporting

confidence: 77%

Non‐mammalian Hosts and Photobiomodulation: Do All Life‐forms Respond to Light?

Hamblin

Huang

Heiskanen

2018

Photochem & Photobiology

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Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser (light) therapy, was discovered over 50 years ago, but only recently has it been making progress toward wide acceptance. PBM originally used red and near-infrared (NIR) lasers, but now other wavelengths and non-coherent light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are being explored. The almost complete lack of side effects makes the conduction of controlled clinical trials relatively easy. Laboratory research has mainly concentrated on mammalian cells (normal or cancer) in culture, and small rodents (mice and rats) as models of different diseases. A sizeable body of work was carried out in the 1970s and 1980s in Russia looking at various bacterial and fungal cells. The present review covers some of these studies and a recent number of papers that have applied PBM to so-called "model organisms." These models include flies (Drosophila), worms (Caenorhabditis elegans), fish (zebrafish) and caterpillars (Galleria). Much knowledge about the genomics and proteomics, and many reagents for these organisms already exist. They are inexpensive to work with and have lower regulatory barriers compared to vertebrate animals. Other researchers have studied different models (snails, sea urchins, Paramecium, toads, frogs and chickens). Plants may respond to NIR light differently from visible light (photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis) but PBM in plants has not been much studied. Veterinarians routinely use PBM to treat non-mammalian patients. The conclusion is that red or NIR light does indeed have significant biologic effects conserved over many different kingdoms, and perhaps it is true that "all life-forms respond to light."

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Section: Pbm In Non‐mammalian Hosts and Model Organismssupporting

confidence: 77%

Non‐mammalian Hosts and Photobiomodulation: Do All Life‐forms Respond to Light?

Hamblin

Huang

Heiskanen

2018

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…Although coelomocytes constitute a heterogeneous group with diverse functions, we can surmise that the absence of amoebocytes in the early phase of regeneration contributes to the phenomenon of delayed blastema formation comparable to other species. To strengthen our findings coelomocyte ablation impaired the regeneration of injured cerebral ganglion in earthworms [39].…”

Section: Coelomocyte Depletion Impairs Cell Proliferation and Blastemsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…According to our results, earthworm phagocytes are also involved in segment restoration. It has been noted that the second apoptotic wave enables the rearrangement of existing structures, and the presence of coelomocytes influences the success of blastema formation [38,39].…”

Section: Programmed Cell Death and Coelomocytes In The Course Of Regementioning

confidence: 99%

Injury-Induced Innate Immune Response During Segment Regeneration of the Earthworm, Eisenia andrei

Bodó

Kellermayer

László

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Regeneration of body parts and their interaction with the immune response is a poorly understood aspect of earthworm biology. Consequently, we aimed to study the mechanisms of innate immunity during regeneration in Eisenia andrei earthworms. In the course of anterior and posterior regeneration, we documented the kinetical aspects of segment restoration by histochemistry. Cell proliferation peaked at two weeks and remitted by four weeks in regenerating earthworms. Apoptotic cells were present throughout the cell renewal period. Distinct immune cell (e.g., coelomocyte) subsets were accumulated in the newly-formed blastema in the close proximity of the apoptotic area. Regenerating earthworms have decreased pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (e.g., TLR, except for scavenger receptor) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) (e.g., lysenin) mRNA patterns compared to intact earthworms. In contrast, at the protein level, mirroring regulation of lysenins became evident. Experimental coelomocyte depletion caused significantly impaired cell divisions and blastema formation during anterior and posterior regeneration. These obtained novel data allow us to gain insight into the intricate interactions of regeneration and invertebrate innate immunity.

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“…Morphologically similar changes in the ovary cells were induced after amputation of anterior segments in the earthworm D. veneta and these changes were fully reversible (SIEKIERSKA 2007). Cocoon deposition by D. veneta was reversibly inhibited by amputation of anterior segments or surgical removal of suprapharyngeal ganglia (brains) (OKRZESIK et al 2013;MOLNAR et al 2015;. This indicates the great plasticity of earthworm gonads.…”

Section: Cadmium Inhibited E Andrei Maturation and Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exposure of Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta; Lumbricidea) to Cadmium Polluted Soil Inhibits Earthworm Maturation and Reproduction but not Restoration of Experimentally Depleted Coelomocytes or Regeneration of Amputated Segments

Takács

Molńar

Klimek

et al. 2016

folia biol (krakow)

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Exposure of Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta; Lumbricidea) to cadmium polluted soil inhibits earthworm maturation and reproduction but not restoration of experimentally depleted coelomocytes or regeneration of amputated segments. Folia Biologica (Kraków) 64: 275-284. Lumbricid earthworms are often exposed to polluted soil. They are also commonly subjected to various stimuli and attacks by predators that induce extrusion of coelomocyte-containing coelomic fluid and/or the loss of body segments followed by the renewal of immune-competent cells and regeneration of tissues/organs. The aim of our investigations was to test the effects of exposure of the earthworm Eisenia andrei to cadmium-polluted soil, combined with electrostimulation-induced depletion of coelomocytes (i.e. amoebocytes and chloragocyte-derived eleocytes) or the surgical amputation of posterior segments, on earthworm maturation, reproductive output, and regenerative processes. Experimental worms were maintained up to 7 weeks either in unpolluted soil or in soil spiked with cadmium chloride (500 mg/kg air-dried soil). In juvenile worms, sexual maturation (measured by clitellum formation) was delayed and cocoon production was inhibited in Cd-exposed worms. Coelomocytes were significantly depleted by electrostimulation and the kinetics of their recovery was similar in worms kept in clean and cadmium polluted soils, in both exposure conditions amoebocyte recovery was faster than recovery of riboflavin-storing eleocytes. In adult worms, soil cadmium exposure inhibited reproduction but, at macroanatomical level, had a negligible effect on regeneration of amputated posterior segments, visible only on histological cross-sections.

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Immune system participates in brain regeneration and restoration of reproduction in the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Non‐mammalian Hosts and Photobiomodulation: Do All Life‐forms Respond to Light?

Non‐mammalian Hosts and Photobiomodulation: Do All Life‐forms Respond to Light?

Injury-Induced Innate Immune Response During Segment Regeneration of the Earthworm, Eisenia andrei

Exposure of Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta; Lumbricidea) to Cadmium Polluted Soil Inhibits Earthworm Maturation and Reproduction but not Restoration of Experimentally Depleted Coelomocytes or Regeneration of Amputated Segments

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