Immune system and sarcopenia: Presented relationship and future perspective

Zhang, Xuzhi; Li, Hengzhen; He, Miao; Wang, Jingyu; Wu, Yuxiang; Li, Yusheng

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2022.111823

Cited by 49 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…In addition to inflammaging, primary and secondary sarcopenia are also correlated with alterations in lipid metabolism [ 21 ]; replacing type II muscle fibers with fat is one of the most prominent characteristics of the disease, contributing to muscle contraction atrophy [ 22 ]. The principal inflammatory molecules involved in inflammaging are TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, and chemokines, which promote the infiltration of inflammatory cells to deteriorate muscle via NF-κB [ 23 ]. Lifestyle habits such as physical activity and diet profoundly impact primary and secondary sarcopenia [ 24 , 25 ]; for example, it is well known that a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of many chronic diseases, including sarcopenia [ 26 ].…”

Section: Inflammation In Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation in Sarcopenia: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Update

Jiménez-Gutiérrez

Martínez-Gómez

Martínez-Armenta

et al. 2022

Cells

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Sarcopenia is generally an age-related condition that directly impacts the quality of life. It is also related to chronic diseases such as metabolic dysfunction associated with diabetes and obesity. This means that everyone will be vulnerable to sarcopenia at some point in their life. Research to find the precise molecular mechanisms implicated in this condition can increase knowledge for the better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcopenia. Our work gathered the most recent research regarding inflammation in sarcopenia and new therapeutic agents proposed to target its consequences in pyroptosis and cellular senescence. Finally, we compared dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) as imaging techniques to diagnose and follow up on sarcopenia, indicating their respective advantages and disadvantages. Our goal is for the scientific evidence presented here to help guide future research to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in sarcopenia, new treatment strategies, and their translation into clinical practice.

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Section: Inflammation In Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation in Sarcopenia: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Update

Jiménez-Gutiérrez

Martínez-Gómez

Martínez-Armenta

et al. 2022

Cells

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“…Furthermore, dendritic cells are related to immune cells' maturation and differentiation, such as Th1 and Th2 cells, and develop an inflammatory environment during immune aging, affecting skeletal muscle regeneration ( 51 ). However, there is still a lack of knowledge on the particular role of each immune cell subtype in sarcopenia, but their whole function may work in the skeletal muscle environment modification and affect the physiological homeostasis of skeletal muscle ( 52 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of novel pathways and immune profiles related to sarcopenia

Abdelrahman

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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IntroductionSarcopenia is a progressive deterioration of skeletal muscle mass strength and function.MethodsTo uncover the underlying cellular and biological mechanisms, we studied the association between sarcopenia's three stages and the patient's ethnicity, identified a gene regulatory network based on motif enrichment in the upregulated gene set of sarcopenia, and compared the immunological landscape among sarcopenia stages.ResultsWe found that sarcopenia (S) was associated with GnRH, neurotrophin, Rap1, Ras, and p53 signaling pathways. Low muscle mass (LMM) patients showed activated pathways of VEGF signaling, B-cell receptor signaling, ErbB signaling, and T-cell receptor signaling. Low muscle mass and physical performance (LMM_LP) patients showed lower enrichment scores in B-cell receptor signaling, apoptosis, HIF-1 signaling, and the adaptive immune response pathways. Five common genes among DEGs and the elastic net regression model, TTC39DP, SLURP1, LCE1C, PTCD2P1, and OR7E109P, were expressed between S patients and healthy controls. SLURP1 and LCE1C showed the highest expression levels among sarcopenic Chinese descent than Caucasians and Afro-Caribbeans. Gene regulatory analysis of top upregulated genes in S patients yielded a top-scoring regulon containing GATA1, GATA2, and GATA3 as master regulators and nine predicted direct target genes. Two genes were associated with locomotion: POSTN and SLURP1. TTC39DP upregulation was associated with a better prognosis and stronger immune profile in S patients. The upregulation of SLURP1 and LCE1C was associated with a worse prognosis and weaker immune profile.ConclusionThis study provides new insight into sarcopenia's cellular and immunological prospects and evaluates the age and sarcopenia-related modifications of skeletal muscle.

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“…Mortality risk due to these chronic diseases might be reduced after sarcopenia was improved. It seemed that reduced mortality risk due to improved sarcopenia was attributable to the associations between sarcopenia and immune senescence and the fact that sarcopenia impaired cancer immunity [37][38][39]. Additionally, immunity against in ammation and in ammatory tumor microenvironment had been involved in occurrence and progression of cancer [40][41][42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of sarcopenia on outcomes of patients with left-sided colon or rectal cancer after curative surgery

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The impacts of nutritional status on and short-term and long-term survival of patients with left-sided colon or rectal cancer have not been exhaustively investigated. Thus, we accomplished the present study to evaluate the effects of sarcopenia on short-term and long-term outcomes of patients with left-sided colon or rectal cancer. Methods Patients with pathologically diagnosed stage I, II and III left-sided colon or rectal cancer who had undergone curative surgery were studied. The psoas muscle index (PMI) identified by 3D-image analysis of computed tomographic images was the criterion used to diagnose sarcopenia. The cutoff value recommended by Hamaguchi et al. (PMI value < 6.36 cm2/m2 for men and < 3.92 cm2/m2 for women) was adopted to confirm the diagnosis of sarcopenia. According to PMI, each patient was divided into the sarcopenia group (SG) or the non-sarcopenia group (NSG). Then SG was compared with NSG in terms of short-term outcomes and long-term outcomes. Results Among the 939 patients included, 574 ones (61.1%) were confirmed with preoperative sarcopenia. Initially, it was demonstrated that SG was not significantly different from NSG in terms of most baseline characteristics except smaller body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001), larger tumor size (P < 0.001) and more weight loss (P = 0.029). Then it revealed that SG had a longer hospital stay after surgery (P = 0.040), more intraoperative blood transfusion (P = 0.035), and a higher incidence of anastomotic fistula (P = 0.027), incision infection (P = 0.037) and hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.022). The SG had significantly worse overall survival (OS) (P = 0.016) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P = 0.036) than the NSG. Subsequently, by Cox regression analysis, we revealed that preoperative sarcopenia was an independent predictive factor for worse OS (P = 0.0211, HR = 1.367, 95%CI: 1.049–1.782) and RFS (P = 0.045, HR = 1.299, 95%CI: 1.006–1.677). Conclusion Preoperative sarcopenia significantly adversely affected long-term and short-term outcomes of patients with left-sided colon or rectal cancer and preoperative nutrition supplementation may help us improve their long-term and short-term outcomes.

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Immune system and sarcopenia: Presented relationship and future perspective

Cited by 49 publications

References 129 publications

Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation in Sarcopenia: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Update

Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation in Sarcopenia: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Update

Identification of novel pathways and immune profiles related to sarcopenia

The impacts of sarcopenia on outcomes of patients with left-sided colon or rectal cancer after curative surgery

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