Immune responses against recombinant tick antigen, Bm95, for the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks in cattle

Kumar, Amit; Garg, Rajat; Yadav, C. L.; Vatsya, Stuti; Kumar, Rajesh; Sugumar, Parthasarthy; Chandran, Dev; Mangamoorib, Lakshmi Narasu; Bedarkar, S.N.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.06.030

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The vast majority of studies applied 3 doses of vaccine (20/25). Four doses were applied at intervals of one month in one study (KUMAR et al, 2009), and six doses were applied at intervals of 15 days in another study. Intramuscular injection was most commonly used (16/25), followed by subcutaneous injection (7/25).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These comparisons between dependent variables within the vaccinated groups in relation to the negative control permit the percentage of vaccine protection against ticks to be inferred. Three studies did not even simulate a vaccine application to the control group (ANDREOTTI, 2006;FRAGOSO et al, 1998;KUMAR et al, 2009), which may have affected the response variables because these animals did not endure the stress that animals in the vaccinated group may have endured, considering that they were treated under different conditions. Furthermore, an optimal negative control would include not only the application of an equal volume of a placebo (for example, saline) but also the entire vaccine composition without the antigen in question and another known antigen unrelated to ticks, for example, ovalbumin, if it was possible to apply that antigen with the same vaccine composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Calculation of the efficacy of vaccines against tick infestations on cattle

Cunha

Andreotti

Garcia

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cattle ticks are responsible for great economic losses in cattle farming worldwide, and their main control method, chemicals, has been showing problems, whether resulting from the development of resistant strains of ticks or environmental contamination. Research studies directed toward developing vaccines against ticks are emerging. One way to evaluate those vaccines is to calculate the percentage of efficacy. The aim of this study was to analyze scientific publications archived in PubMed that used this method of assessment and discuss the main factors that may affect its calculation. Thus, 25 articles addressing this subject were selected. The percentage of efficacy was usually calculated in one of two ways, with one considering the reduced fertility of eggs and the other not. The latter method may underestimate the vaccine efficacy, and the most complete formula for calculating the efficacy reflects how much the vaccine actually affects the infestation. In our view, the use of the complete formula for calculating the percentage of efficacy is broader and more representative of the vaccine effect on the tick population.Keywords: Efficiency, ticks, vaccine, bovine. ResumoCarrapatos de bovinos são responsáveis por grandes perdas econômicas para a pecuária bovina mundial e seu principal método de controle, o químico, vem apresentando problemas, seja pelo desenvolvimento de amostras de carrapatos resistentes ou pela contaminação ambiental. Na tentativa de diminuir a utilização dos acaricidas, surgem pesquisas direcionadas ao desenvolvimento de vacinas contra carrapatos. Uma maneira de avaliar essas vacinas é pelo cálculo de percentagem de eficácia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as publicações científicas indexadas no PubMed que utilizaram este método de avaliação e discutir os principais fatores que podem interferir no seu cálculo. Dessa maneira, selecionaram-se 25 artigos que tratavam desse assunto. A percentagem de eficácia apareceu sendo calculada de duas formas, uma considerando a redução da fertilidade dos ovos e a outra não. Essa última pode subestimar a eficiência da vacina, e a fórmula de cálculo da eficácia mais completa representa o quanto da infestação a vacina realmente reduziu. Em nosso entendimento, a utilização da fórmula completa para o cálculo da percentagem de eficácia é mais abrangente e representativa do efeito da vacina na população de carrapatos.Palavras-chave: Eficiência, carrapato, vacina, bovino.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of the efficacy of vaccines against tick infestations on cattle

Cunha

Andreotti

Garcia

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…embryo proteins [64], ferritin 2 [42], subolesin and ubiquitin [62], 5'-nucleotidase [65], Bm95 [66, 67], and the Bm86 antigen from commercial vaccines [4], are concealed antigens. Although vaccination with these antigens elicits an antibody response [68], these proteins are not exposed to the hosts through tick bites, and the memory immune responses against them are not stimulated through saliva as a natural boost in immunity against ectoparasites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining a differential sialotranscriptome of Rhipicephalus microplus guides antigen discovery to formulate a vaccine that reduces tick infestations

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundTicks cause massive damage to livestock and vaccines are one sustainable substitute for the acaricides currently heavily used to control infestations. To guide antigen discovery for a vaccine that targets the gamut of parasitic strategies mediated by tick saliva and enables immunological memory, we exploited a transcriptome constructed from salivary glands from all stages of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks feeding on genetically tick-resistant and susceptible bovines.ResultsDifferent levels of host anti-tick immunity affected gene expression in tick salivary glands; we thus selected four proteins encoded by genes weakly expressed in ticks attempting to feed on resistant hosts or otherwise abundantly expressed in ticks fed on susceptible hosts; these sialoproteins mediate four functions of parasitism deployed by male ticks and that do not induce antibodies in naturally infected, susceptible bovines. We then evaluated in tick-susceptible heifers an alum-adjuvanted vaccine formulated with recombinant proteins. Parasite performance (i.e. weight and numbers of females finishing their parasitic cycle) and titres of antigen-specific antibodies were significantly reduced or increased, respectively, in vaccinated versus control heifers, conferring an efficacy of 73.2%; two of the antigens were strong immunogens, rich in predicted T-cell epitopes and challenge infestations boosted antibody responses against them.ConclusionMining sialotranscriptomes guided by the immunity of tick-resistant hosts selected important targets and infestations boosted immune memory against salivary antigens.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2136-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…Effects of Bm95 vaccination are similar to Bm86 vaccination with tick rejection, damage, and death. Decreases in engorgement weights, oviposition, and egg hatching are also demonstrated [ 57 ]. A high level of cross-protective vaccine efficacy against Indian Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides with Bm95 vaccination has been illustrated in cattle [ 58 ].…”

Section: Review Of Successful Anti-tick Vaccine Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Anti-tick Vaccines for the Control of Ticks Affecting Livestock

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropod parasites affecting most terrestrial vertebrate species. Their importance as disease vectors is due to the abundance and diversity of organisms they transmit to their vertebrate host. In addition, secondary infections of the attachment site, direct toxicosis, and paralysis can occur due to tick feeding. The impact of tickborne diseases is most heavily felt in the livestock sector, where production is limited in many areas due to high tick infestations and tick-borne disease prevalence.Currently, large-scale tick control is achieved through acaricide application, but continued use has resulted in resistance to several active ingredients. As an alternative, the immunological control of ticks through vaccination has been proposed. Proof of concept has been shown culminating in commercial vaccines for the control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus . Despite this initial success, the development of anti-tick vaccines faces a number of unique obstacles due to complex interactions between tick and vertebrate hosts.This complexity does however allow novel areas of vaccine development to be followed that are unavailable to other vector-borne dis-

show abstract

Immune responses against recombinant tick antigen, Bm95, for the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks in cattle

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Calculation of the efficacy of vaccines against tick infestations on cattle

Calculation of the efficacy of vaccines against tick infestations on cattle

Mining a differential sialotranscriptome of Rhipicephalus microplus guides antigen discovery to formulate a vaccine that reduces tick infestations

Anti-tick Vaccines for the Control of Ticks Affecting Livestock

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About