Immune Response Versus Susceptibility to Marek’s Disease

Calnek, B. W.; Adene, D. F.; Schat, K. A.; Abplanalp, Hans

doi:10.3382/ps.0680017

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In addition most of the correlations between PHA response and MD resistance were non significant (table V). Therefore, in agreement with Calnek et al (1989), who studied in vitro PHA response of lymphocytes from strains of varying resistance to MD, we conclude that swelling response to PHA inoculation in the wing web is not sufficiently predictive of MD resistance to justify its use in genetic selection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In contrast, Lee and Bacon (1983) reported that increased in vitro response of lymphocytes to phytohemaglutinin was associated with increased susceptibility to MD. However, Calnek et al (1989) dit not observe any general correlation between the responses of multiple genetic groups of chickens to mitogens Concavalin A and PHA or mixed lymphocyte reaction, and MD susceptibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Correlations of genetic resistance of chickens to Marek's disease viruses with vaccination protection and in vivo response to phytohemaglutinin

Gavora¹,

Spencer²,

Okada³

et al. 1990

Genet Sel Evol

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Twenty-three genetic groups of experimental and commercial meat and egg chickens were injected with moderately virulent BC-1 (exp 1) or highly virulent RB-LB (exp 2) Marek's disease (MD) virus. Birds of 7 genetic groups were divided into vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups and exposed by contact to the virulent RB-1B virus in exp 3. Response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) injected in wing webs was measured in adult birds of all 23 groups (exp 4) to assess its relationship to MD resistance. There was a high correlation (0.8) between resistance of the genetic groups to the two viruses indicating that selection for resistance to one virus would be expected to improve resistance to the other virus. Regression of MD incidence in vaccinated birds on that in non-vaccinated birds resulted in regression coefficients of 0.41, 0.23, and 0.31% for males, females and combined sexes respectively, indicating that MD incidence increased linearly in vaccinated birds in relation to their genetic susceptibility to MD. Two significant correlations in males suggested that high swelling response to PHA may under some conditions be associated with MD resistance. However, the correlation coefficients were inconsistent and it was concluded that swelling response to PHA inoculated in the wing web is not predictive of MD resistance. chicken / Marek's disease / vaccination / phytohemaglutinin R.ésumé-Corrélations entre la résistance génétique de poulets aux virus de la maladie de Marek, la protection de la vaccination et la réaction in vivo à la phytohémagglutinine. Vingt-trois types génétiques de poulets, représentant des souches «chair» et «ponte» expérimentales et commerciales, ont été inoculés avec deux virus de la Maladie de Marek: le virus BC-1, modérément virulement (expérience 1) et le virus * Animal Research Centre Contribution No 1652 RB-1B, fortement virulent (expérience 2). Les sujets de sept types génétiques ont été repartis en groupes vaccinés et non vaccinés et ont été exposés par contact au virus virulent RB-1B dans l'expérience 3. La réaction à la phytohémagglutinine (PHA) injectée dans les membranes alaires a été mesurée chez des sujets adultes des 23 types génétiques (expérience 4) pour évaluer sa liaison avec la résistance à la maladie de Mareck. On constate une forte corrélation (0.8) entre la résistance des types génétiques aux deux virus, ce qui montre que la sélection pour la résistance à un virus semble améliorer la résistance à l'autre virus. La régression de la fréquence de la maladie de Marek chez les sujets vaccinés sur celle des sujets non vaccinés est de 0.41; 0.23; 0.31 % pour les mâles, les femelles et les deux sexes combinés respectivement, indiquant par là que, chez les sujets vaccinés, la fréquence de la maladie de Marek augmente de façon linéaire avec les sensibilités génétique à la maladie de Marek. Deux corrélations significatives à l'injection de PHA peut, dans certains conditions, être liée à la résistance à la maladie de Marek.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Correlations of genetic resistance of chickens to Marek's disease viruses with vaccination protection and in vivo response to phytohemaglutinin

Gavora¹,

Spencer²,

Okada³

et al. 1990

Genet Sel Evol

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“…Many studies provide data showing greater immune responsiveness in MHC-B genetically susceptible birds. For example, lymphocytes from MDsusceptible Line P (MHC-B19) are more responsive to mitogens (ConA and PHA) than birds from MHC-B-resistant Line N birds (MHC-B21) (29,30). When infected in vitro lymphocytes from MHC-B-susceptible lines produce significantly more infected T cells compared to lymphocytes from MHC-B-resistant lines (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BG1 has a major role in MHC-linked resistance to malignant lymphoma in the chicken

Goto

Wang

Taylor

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Pathogen selection is postulated to drive MHC allelic diversity at loci for antigen presentation. However, readily apparent MHC infectious disease associations are rare in most species. The strong link between MHC- B haplotype and the occurrence of virally induced tumors in the chicken provides a means for defining the relationship between pathogen selection and MHC polymorphism. Here, we verified a significant difference in resistance to gallid herpesvirus-2 (GaHV-2)-induced lymphomas (Marek's disease) conferred by two closely-related recombinant MHC- B haplotypes. We mapped the crossover breakpoints that distinguish these haplotypes to the highly polymorphic BG1 locus. BG1 encodes an Ig-superfamily type I transmembrane receptor-like protein that contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM), which undergoes phosphorylation and is recognized by Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2). The recombinant haplotypes are identical, except for differences within the BG1 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR). The 3′-UTR of the BG1 allele associated with increased lymphoma contains a 225-bp insert of retroviral origin and showed greater inhibition of luciferase reporter gene translation compared to the other allele. These findings suggest that BG1 could affect the outcome of GaHV-2 infection through modulation of the lymphoid cell responsiveness to infection, a condition that is critical for GaHV-2 replication and in which the MHC- B haplotype has been previously implicated. This work provides a mechanism by which MHC- B region genetics contributes to the incidence of GaHV-2-induced malignant lymphoma in the chicken and invites consideration of the possibility that similar mechanisms might affect the incidence of lymphomas associated with other oncogenic viral infections.

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“…These points lend credence to the theory (Cohen et al, 1985) that a low immune response may, in some instances, be beneficial to disease resistance, rather than being detrimental. With reference to Marek's disease, it is possible that a decreased cell-mediated immune (CMI) response may be associated with improved resistance to viral transformation, as has been suggested by Calnek et al (1989). Although their results did not show the hypothesized association for all lines tested, several reasons for this discrepancy were given.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Differences in Major Histocompatibility Complex Frequencies after Multitrait, Divergent Selection for Immunocompetence

et al. 1994

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White Leghorn chickens from lines selected for four immune-response traits (IR lines) were serotyped for B system alloantigens characterizing the haplotypes and genotypes to examine the effect of divergent selection for multitrait immunocompetence on MHC haplotype and genotype frequencies. The selected lines were derived from the Ottawa Strain 7. The selection index included four immunocompetence traits: antibody production against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Pasteurella multocida, inflammatory response to phytohemagglutinin, and reticuloendothelial carbon clearance. The four lines include two replicates of high and low multitrait-immunocompetence lines. After four cycles of selection, significant differences (P < .05) in several B system haplotype frequencies were observed, both among IR lines and between the IR lines and the Ottawa Strain 7. The B2 haplotype frequency was greater in all IR lines than in the Ottawa Strain 7. The B21 frequency was less in both high lines than in the Ottawa Strain 7. In comparisons among lines, frequencies of B21 were greater in both replicates of the low lines and the B12 and B19 frequencies were significantly greater (P < .05) in the high lines. A gene substitution model showed effects (P < .10) of specific haplotypes on MG and on the index. The B2 haplotype had a positive effect associated with MG. Haplotype B21 was positively associated with the multitrait index. Haplotype B13 had a negative effect on both MG and the index. Significant differences (P < .01) in genotype frequencies were also noted among the IR lines. Associations between specific MHC haplotypes or genotypes and immune-response traits may offer insight into MHC-mediated mechanisms of disease resistance.

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Immune Response Versus Susceptibility to Marek’s Disease

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Correlations of genetic resistance of chickens to Marek's disease viruses with vaccination protection and in vivo response to phytohemaglutinin

Correlations of genetic resistance of chickens to Marek's disease viruses with vaccination protection and in vivo response to phytohemaglutinin

BG1 has a major role in MHC-linked resistance to malignant lymphoma in the chicken

Differences in Major Histocompatibility Complex Frequencies after Multitrait, Divergent Selection for Immunocompetence

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