2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101446
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Immune response against the biomaterials used in 3D bioprinting of organs

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Cited by 20 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…Also, it is such a pity that clinical trials concerning the use of bioprinting for skin conditions in humans are so rare. One of the insurmountable obstacles is human immune rejections against bioprinted transplants, which are mediated by numerous cell types such as B-cells, T-cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and molecular signals such as cytokines, antibodies, and reactive radical species [ 186 ]. Notably, human immune responses are against both biomaterials and embedded cells after the transplantation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, it is such a pity that clinical trials concerning the use of bioprinting for skin conditions in humans are so rare. One of the insurmountable obstacles is human immune rejections against bioprinted transplants, which are mediated by numerous cell types such as B-cells, T-cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and molecular signals such as cytokines, antibodies, and reactive radical species [ 186 ]. Notably, human immune responses are against both biomaterials and embedded cells after the transplantation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Three-dimensional bioprinting was developed on the basis of 3D printing. Cells and scaffolds are generally made of polymers and extruded from a nozzle and cultured in 3D ( Elalouf, 2021 ; Jamee et al, 2021 ). Many organs, such as bone ( Arrigoni et al, 2017 ; Kim et al, 2021 ; Alcala-Orozco et al, 2022 ), lung ( Hu et al, 2021 ), and skin ( Gao et al, 2021c ), have already been generated by 3D bioprinting, showing plenty of potential in the future.…”
Section: Advanced Models For Ex Vivo Non Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An uncontrolled inflammatory response to implants results in fibrous encapsulation, which can lead to implant failure [4,5]. Foreign body response (FBR) caused by implanted biomaterials seriously impedes the function of the implants and is a major obstacle to the development of implantable tissues and medical devices [6].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%