Immune infiltrate in cancer

Stoll, Gautier; Zitvogel, Laurence; Kroemer, Guido

doi:10.18632/aging.100770

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…24 In this context, it may be important to note that immunologically "cold" tumors usually lack both immunostimulatory and suppressive cell types altogether, while "hot" tumors contain a high frequency of different immune cells subtypes because of the intrinsic organization of the immune infiltrate that is particularly elaborate in breast cancer. [47][48][49][50][51][52][53] Thus, LIPC and ALDH7A1 might have an influence on the overall density of the leukocyte infiltrate, while other factors may affect the proportion and functional interactions among positive and negative elements of local immune circuitries. 54 In sum, our work illustrates a potentially important crosstalk between oncometabolism and immunometabolism that warrants further mechanistic and preclinical evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic enzymes expressed by cancer cells impact the immune infiltrate

Stoll

Kremer

et al. 2019

OncoImmunology

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The expression of two metabolic enzymes, i.e., aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family, member A1 (ALDH7A1) and lipase C, hepatic type (LIPC) by malignant cells, has been measured by immunohistochemical methods in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) biopsies, and has been attributed negative and positive prognostic value, respectively. Here, we demonstrate that the protein levels of ALDH7A1 and LIPC correlate with the levels of the corresponding mRNAs. Bioinformatic analyses of gene expression data from 4921 cancer patients revealed that the expression of LIPC positively correlates with abundant tumor infiltration by myeloid and lymphoid cells in NSCLC, breast carcinoma, colorectal cancer and melanoma samples. In contrast, high levels of ALDH7A1 were associated with a paucity of immune effectors within the tumor bed. These data reinforce the notion that the metabolism of cancer cells has a major impact on immune and inflammatory processes in the tumor microenvironment, pointing to hitherto unsuspected intersections between oncometabolism and immunometabolism. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic enzymes expressed by cancer cells impact the immune infiltrate

Stoll

Kremer

et al. 2019

OncoImmunology

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“…As mentioned above, the composition of the immune infiltrate may vary, depending on the tumor and the organ site. Also, depending on the composition of the immune infiltrate in individual tumors, different clinical responses and different levels of prognostic value of the immune infiltrate have been reported (10,14,19,20). Prognostic role of the presence of tumor lymphocytes (TILs) in melanoma has long been known, and today melanoma is one of the most successfully treated tumors with immunotherapy (21) A number of studies evaluating TILs in melanoma in different ways, using different evaluation methods and techniques (HE, IHC), in primary site and metastatic lesions, and most studies have shown an association between the presence of lymphocytic infiltrate and good prognosis and good response to therapy (22 129).…”

Section: Tumor -Infiltrating Lymphocytes In Solid Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity and cancer: role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer

et al. 2021

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Tumor stimulates specific innate and acquired immune mechanisms. Main carriers of body's immune response to tumor are T lymphocytes and main mechanism is killing of tumor cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes CD8 +. In some cases, immune system can also have a protumor role, which is a paradox, given that it is known that the inflammatory state promotes tumor growth. One of the major characteristics of tumors is the evading of immune response, in particular by mechanisms of inhibition of active antitumor immune response via two major physiological inhibitory signals, CTLA-4 and PD1 / PDL1. Blockade of these checkpoints, that are T cell inhibitory mechanisms, has recently yielded best results in an immunotherapy approach to cancer treatment. Immune infiltrate in the tumor, as evidence of existence of an active intrinsic response of the organism, is heterogeneous, and composition often differs between different tumors and tumor cells, and mainly divides into two main cell lines: lymphoid and myeloid. On type of cell lines in the immune infiltrate and their activation and orientation depends the clinical response in different tumors. It is well known that immune infiltrate, especially tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), can be predictive of response to therapy and have a prognostic role. In some solid tumors they are a good sign, while in some they signal worse prognosis. Numerous studies have evaluated role of lymphocytic infiltrate in breast cancer (BC) and, based on this knowledge, first consensus on standardization of TILs evaluation in solid tumors has been established on the BC model. Prognostic role of TILs in triple-negative breast cancer has received the most attention.

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“…In metastasis‐free tumor samples, the expression of genes related to T‐cell migration, activation, and differentiation was also augmented . Furthermore, the infiltration of DC and CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) showed a positive correlation in four major cancer types, including breast cancer, melanoma, non‐small cell lung cancer, and colorectal cancer . A systemic analysis of human colorectal cancer cohorts revealed immunological characteristics concerning the type, density, location, and gene expression pattern of immune cells in the TME.…”

Section: Immune‐modulatory Properties Of Cancer Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…64 Furthermore, the infiltration of DC and CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) showed a positive correlation in four major cancer types, including breast cancer, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. 65 A systemic analysis of human colorectal cancer cohorts revealed immunological characteristics concerning the type, density, location, and gene expression pattern of immune cells in the TME. Certain key immune parameters from this study, giving rise to an "Immunoscore", can be applied as a valuable prognostic tool for cancer therapies.…”

Section: Immune-dependent Tumor Eradicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The renaissance of anti‐neoplastic immunity from tumor cell demise

Pitt²,

et al. 2017

Immunological Reviews

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Cancer therapies can temporarily reduce tumor burdens by inducing malignant cell death. However, cancer cure is still far from realization because tumors often gain resistance to current treatment and eventually relapse. Accumulating evidence suggests that successful cancer interventions require anti-tumor immunity. Therapy-induced cell stress responses ultimately result in one or more cell death modalities, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. These irreversible dying processes are accompanied by active or passive release of cell death-associated molecular patterns (CDAMPs), which can be sensed by corresponding pattern recognition receptors (PRR) on tumor-infiltrating immune cells. This crosstalk with the immune system can reawaken immune surveillance in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review focuses on immune-modulatory properties of anti-cancer regimens and CDAMP-mediated communications between cell stress responses and the immune contexture of TME. In addition, we describe how immunogenic cell death can elicit strong and durable anti-tumor immune responses.

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Immune infiltrate in cancer

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Metabolic enzymes expressed by cancer cells impact the immune infiltrate

Metabolic enzymes expressed by cancer cells impact the immune infiltrate

Immunity and cancer: role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer

The renaissance of anti‐neoplastic immunity from tumor cell demise

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