Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on Gold Surface for Applications in Implantable Biosensors

Hwa, Kuo-Yuan; Subramani, Boopathi

doi:10.12720/jomb.4.4.297-301

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Numerous studies (Talbert et al, 2014;Wong et al, 2008;Choi et al, 2015;Singh and Verma, 2013;Röcker et al, 2016) have shown increase in the traditional uses of this enzyme. In addition, GOx has more recently been used in biosensor applications (Devasenathipathy et al, 2015;Turkmen et al, 2014;Hwa, 2015;Lin et al, 2015) and other nanotechnological applications have been demonstrated Liu et al, 2014;Sapountzi et al, 2017). In this context, the new Amazonian source of this enzyme (A. niger LMM01) and production of GOx in a semi-continuous process demonstrates the importance of the present work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Author(s) agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License used in the manufacture of powdered eggs, paper test strips for diabetic patients, and more recently, biosensors (Hwa, 2015;Choi et al, 2015;Wong et al, 2008). Glucose oxidase is produced by fungi as a defence mechanism and has antimicrobial effects (Ferri et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Aspergillus niger LMM01: A new source of glucose oxidase in Amazon

Sousa¹,

Santos²,

Cortez³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Glucose oxidase (GOx) has several industrial applications. It is believed that there are several species of fungi that have the ability to produce this enzyme, most of which are unexplored. This work aimed to investigate the production of glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) by fungi isolated from soil samples of the Amazonian forest. Filamentous fungi were isolated from soil samples from the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, located in Manaus, Amazonas. Strains were subjected to submerged bioprocessing to select for the best GOx producers. Those selected for the production of isolated enzymes were subjected to kinetic tests that evaluated production of the enzyme and consumption of the biomass substrate by the isolates. In addition, experiments to evaluate the optimal carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus sources as well as the influence of the bioprocess factors were carried out. Finally, GOx production was investigated in a semi-continuous system for 7 days. The most frequent isolates isolated from soil samples belonged to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Trichoderma. Aspergillus niger LMM01 was the best GOx producer. Glucose, peptone and KH 2 PO 4 were demonstrated to be the optimal carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus sources, respectively. Multivariate experiments demonstrated that the parameters with the greatest effect on GOx production were pH and agitation. Stable expression results for GOx (7.74 U/ml) were obtained over 7 days in a semi-continuous process. In this context, the new Amazonian source of this enzyme (A. niger LMM01), and enzyme production in a semi-continuous process, demonstrates the importance of the present work.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus niger LMM01: A new source of glucose oxidase in Amazon

Sousa¹,

Santos²,

Cortez³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A selfassembled monolayer (SAM) of 3-mercaptopropoinic acid (MPA) was formed on the precleaned PCB gold working electrode surface by dropping 2 µL of DMSO solution containing 1 mM MPA on the surface for 1 h at room temperature (RT, 25 °C) followed by thoroughly rinsing with DMSO and DI water and drying with N2 gas as previously reported with slight modification (see Fig. 1 for a schematic of the covalent immobilization of GOx on the gold PCB surface) (Hwa and Subramani, 2015). 2 µL of 2 mM EDC and 5 mM NHS solution mixture was incubated for 50 min on the electrode surface at RT to activate the carboxylic acid group (-COOH) of the SAM.…”

Section: Sensor Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme-assisted glucose quantification for a painless Lab-on-PCB patch implementation

Dutta

Regoutz

Moschou

2020

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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In the context of an integrated Lab-on-PCB wearable patch extracting interstitial fluid from the patient via integrated microneedles, the requirements from the integrated biosensing part are quite special compared to static glucose electrochemical biosensors. Hence, in this study, a fully PCB-integrated enzymatic glucose quantification Lab-on-Chip device is presented and evaluated considering these special requirements for such a patch implementation: a) range and limit of detection compatible with interstitial fluid glucose levels of diabetic patients and b) effect of sample flow rate on the biosensing platform performance. This work employs a chronoamperometric approach for glucose detection based on covalently immobilized glucose 2 oxidase on PCB-integrated electrodes. The chronoamperometric measurements show that this platform exhibits µM range sensitivity, high specificity, and good reproducibility, and the assay can detect glucose from 10 µM to 9 mM with a lower limit of detection of 10 µM. The demonstrated detection range under continuous flow proved compatible with interstitial fluid glucose levels of diabetic patients. The sample-to-answer time of our Lab-on-PCB device is less than one minute (sample delivery of few seconds and 20 sec for electrochemical measurement), employing sample volumes of 50 μL in this instance. Increased flow rates substantially improve the platform sensitivity (1.1 μA/mM @0μL/min to 6.2 μA/mM @10μL/min), with the measured current increasing exponentially to the flow rate, as opposed to the theoretically expected much lower dependence. This work demonstrates the feasibility of Lab-on-PCB patches in terms of biosensing performance, paving the way for the first cost-effective, painless diabetes management microsystem.

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“…GOx was immobilized to PrG and GO as follows. 28,44 On the prepared working electrodes 0.7 μL of GOx solution (10 mg/mL in 0.1 M PBS, pH 7) was drop-casted and dried at ambient temperature for 10 min. The immobilization of GOx with a simultaneous reduction of GO to RGO was performed by continuous cyclic voltammetry (6 cycles from 0 to −1 V at scan rate of 50 mV/s) and was further reduced at a constant potential of −0.5 V for 120 s. Finally, the as-prepared modified electrodes were rinsed with deionized water.…”

Section: Immobilization Of Gox To Go/sio 2 /Si-glucose Oxidase (Gox)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of CVD Grown Graphene with Downstream Oxygen Plasma Treatment for Glucose Sensors

Hadish

Jou

Huang

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The development of graphene-based devices requires control over the functionalization and modification of the graphene surface. We studied the modification of the monolayer graphene surface with downstream oxygen plasma treatment to form graphene oxide (GO) for use in glucose biosensors. Amperometric and voltammetric methods were applied to GO for glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilization with a simultaneous reduction of GO to reduce graphene oxide. The fabricated glucose sensor shows a sensitivity of 0.118 μA mM −1 cm −2 and a detection limit of 0.0526 mM of glucose. This method provides fast and simultaneous immobilization of GOx and reduction of GO, and can be used in the fabrication of other electrochemical biosensors. Glucose oxidase has been recognized as an enzyme for monitoring glucose. In amperometric biosensors for glucose detection, GOx is immobilized on a nanomaterial surface and catalytically oxidizes glucose for high sensitivity and selectivity.9-11 However, enzyme immobilization is complicated by poor electrical communication of the active sites of the enzyme and the electrode surface, and by enzyme leaching. [12][13][14][15] Recently, graphene has been used to modify biosensors, offering advantages for enzyme immobilization on graphene surfaces. [16][17][18] Pristine graphene (PrG), a monolayer structure composed of one-atom thick two-dimensional honeycomb lattices of sp 2 carbon atoms, has extraordinary properties such as high intrinsic mobility and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. [19][20][21][22] Although the bulk properties of graphene are very promising for a variety of applications, the development of graphene-based devices requires great control over the functionalization and modification of the graphene surface. Graphene oxide (GO) is one branch of functionalized graphene. GO is typically covalently functionalized with hydroxyl, epoxy, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups on its basal planes and at its edges, 23 resulting in a hybrid structure comprising a mixture of sp 2 and sp 3 hybridized carbon atoms. 24 GO sheets synthesized from graphite powders by the modified Hummers method 25 have been coated on carbon and Pt electrodes and used to immobilize GOx to develop glucose sensors. [26][27][28][29] On the other hand, monolayer graphene has been fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Cu and Ni substrates then transferred to other substrates for chemical and gas sensors. [30][31][32] Monolayer graphene has also been utilized for glucose sensor after immobilizing GOx to its surface through linker molecules. 33,34 With the aid of lithography and plasma etch techniques, monolayer-graphene-based devices can be patterned into arrays 32 and integrated with Si microelectronics technology. 35,36 In this work we synthesized GO from monolayer graphene by a downstream oxygen plasma. 37,38 The plasma-assisted technique has the advantages of short treatment time, an environmentally friendly manufacturing process, and the generation of numerous active species. 39 The immobilization of GOx en...

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Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on Gold Surface for Applications in Implantable Biosensors

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Aspergillus niger LMM01: A new source of glucose oxidase in Amazon

Aspergillus niger LMM01: A new source of glucose oxidase in Amazon

Enzyme-assisted glucose quantification for a painless Lab-on-PCB patch implementation

Functionalization of CVD Grown Graphene with Downstream Oxygen Plasma Treatment for Glucose Sensors

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