Immobilization of fullerene C60 at cathodically polarized glassy carbon for the generation of thin nucleophilic layers and their carboxylation and alkylation

Abstract

Fullerene-C 60 deposited onto solid substrates (glassy carbon, gold) was polarized between 0 V and-2 V vs. Ag/AgCl/KCl sat (aq) in polar aprotic solvents (dimethylformamide or acetonitrile) containing tetramethylammonium salts in the presence of electrophilic reagents, namely primary haloalkanes (Hal = Br, I) and carbon dioxide. The electrogenerated reduced forms of C 60 (C 60to C 60 4-, fullerene polyanions), show high reactivity towards various electrophiles which permits preparing C 60 dicarboxylates whose formation was established through coulometric integration. Importantly, anodic oxidation (E p ≈ +1 V) of thus produced C 60 dicarboxylates led to the complete regeneration of C 60 via a Kolbe bis-decarboxylation.

Recent progress on the use of graphene-based nanomaterials in perovskite solar cells

“…Graphene is the basic unit for all graphite substances such as fullerene, GQDs, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). [64][65][66][67][68][69] Much efforts have been made to improve the efficiency and performance of PSCs by introducing various materials in different parts of these cells. [70][71][72][73] Among these compounds, GBNs found a special place due to their unique properties including excellent electrical conductivity, EC, (7 × 10 7 to 1 × 10 8 S m −1 ), high thermal conductivity, TC (∼5000 W m −1 K −1 ), large theoretical specic surface area (2630 m 2 g −1 ), high carrier mobility (200 000 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ), high Young's modulus (∼1 TPa), and high mechanical strength (130 GPa).…”