Immobility response elicited by clamping the neck induces antinociception in a “tonic pain” test in mice

Miranda, Abraham; Cruz, Fidel de la; Zamudio, Sergio

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2006.03.018

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…As rabbits are prey animals, they tend to be on the alert for danger at all times, especially when reared in pasture. This finding was in agreement with the tonic immobility test: Leprino rabbits showed a higher reactivity when reared in the pen, whereas NZW ones reacted faster when reared in cages, confirming that stressful stimuli positively affect TI (Miranda et al, 2006). NZW rabbits showed the best productive performance (Table 4) both in cage and pen compared to Leprinos.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of pasture availability and genotype on welfare, immune function, performance and meat characteristics of growing rabbits

Mugnai¹,

Bosco

Cardinali³

et al. 2014

World Rabbit Sci.

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Abstract:To analyse the effect of pasture availability and genotype on innate immunological status, morphological organisation of lymphoid follicles, behaviour, performance and carcass and meat characteristics, 80 growing rabbits (40 Leprino of Viterbo and 40 New Zealand White, NZW) were reared in bicellular standard cages (control) or in a wired pen, provided with an external grass pasture (pasture). Blood samples and behaviour observations (10 rabbits per group) were performed at different ages (weaning, 49 and 89 d). At the end of the trial, 10 rabbits per group were slaughtered to study meat quality/composition and vermiform appendix structure. Leprino rabbits showed higher serum lysozyme values than NZW for all ages and rearing systems. Leprino rabbits showed the highest values in caged animals (29.6 and 32.4 mg/mL, respectively at 49 and 89 d of age), while NZW animals did so in the pen (2.2 and 0.00 g/mL, respectively at 49 and 89 d of age). Haemolytic Complement Assay increased with age in Leprino (43.7 vs. 48.6 and 51.2 μg/mL, respectively for cage and pen), but decreased in NZW (68.6 vs. 25.8 and 41.1 μg/mL, respectively for cage and pen). Plasma TBARs was always higher in Leprino rabbits ( . Mortality rate of Leprino rabbits was highest in the cage system, while mortality was highest in NZW housed in the pen. Productive performance, carcass traits and fatty acid composition of meat were strongly affected by genotype and rearing system. Regarding genotype effect, Leprino showed lower daily gains (31.9 and 29.6 vs. 44.2 and 40.0 g, respectively for cage and pen system), live (2563 and 2418 vs. 2902 and 2650, respectively for cage and pen system) and carcass weights (1561 and 1465 vs. 1763 and 1580, respectively for cage and pen system). Pasture availability improved the meat nutritional quality and, in particular, the n-6/n-3 ratio was optimal and the total tocopherol content was suitable to assure a good oxidative stability.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of pasture availability and genotype on welfare, immune function, performance and meat characteristics of growing rabbits

Mugnai¹,

Bosco

Cardinali³

et al. 2014

World Rabbit Sci.

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“…It is not surprising then to find that for neck region there is a somatotopic mapping in the dorsal central gray linked to analgesia [56]. So it was not surprising to find that in the mouse, analgesia is linked to the immobility by clamping [57]. In a previous study [1], we found that either clamping or bandaging the neck region can induce immobility in neonate rats, whereas in adult rats, only clamping can induce it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Differential Effect on Two Immobility Responses by Chronic Administration of 1,3-di-o-Tolyl-Guanidine (Sigma Receptor Agonist) in Rats with Neonatal Ventral Hippocampal Lesion

Jaramillo¹,

Cruz²,

Vargas³

et al. 2014

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The effect of chronic administration of the sigma agonist: 1,3-di-o-tolyl-guanidine (DTG), in neonatal ventral hippocampal lesioned (nVHL) rats, on the immobility by clamping and dorsal immobility, were investigated. The nVHL increases the duration of immobility by clamping, but does not affect the duration of the dorsal immobility. We found that DTG augments the duration of the dorsal immobility in the unlesioned rats, but does not modify the duration of immobility induced by clamping the neck. DTG also counteracts the increase in the duration of the immobility by clamping produced by nVHL. However, the increase in the duration of the dorsal immobility produced by DTG is counteracted by nVHL. These results are discussed with respect to the differential effect on the two immobility responses tested, suggesting that they are different forms of immobility mediated by different mechanisms although they behaviorally share common characteristics.

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“…Cortisol results in the release of endorphins and endogenous opioids that can act as painkillers within the central nervous system (Boccalon et al 2006). This phenomenon is often termed stress-induced analgesia where a stressful situation results in a human or nonhuman animal not demonstrating signs of pain when injured (Davis 1979;Boccalon et al 2006;Miranda et al 2006). Since the subordinates had the highest cortisol level, they may also have had a high release of these endorphins and as such did not experience the painful stimulation and, therefore, showed no behavioural or physiological changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of noxious stimulation upon antipredator responses and dominance status in rainbow trout

et al. 2009

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A potentially painful experience may modify normal behavioural responses. To gauge the importance of pain relative to predation or social status, we presented competing stimuli, a predator cue or an unfamiliar social group, to two groups of noxiously treated rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. In the predator cue experiment, fish were classified as bold or shy. Noxiously stimulated fish did not show antipredator responses, suggesting that pain is the imperative. In the social status experiment, noxiously stimulated fish held individually and undisturbed showed an increase in respiration rate and plasma cortisol. As a comparison, we used the dominant or subordinate fish in a group as the noxiously stimulated fish. After the noxious treatment, we returned this test fish to a familiar or unfamiliar social group. Neither dominants nor subordinates showed a negative change in physiology compared to their controls. However, in a familiar group the dominant was much less aggressive, suggesting a behavioural impairment in response to noxious stimulation. In an unfamiliar group, no reduction of aggression was seen, suggesting that maintaining dominance status took priority over showing signs of pain. These findings may reflect an ability to prioritize motivational drivers in fish, and as such provides evidence for central processing of pain rather than merely showing a nociceptive reflex. In animal models of pain, exposure to a new circumstance or a potentially fear-inducing or stressful situation reduces pain reactivity (e.g.

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Immobility response elicited by clamping the neck induces antinociception in a “tonic pain” test in mice

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of pasture availability and genotype on welfare, immune function, performance and meat characteristics of growing rabbits

Effect of pasture availability and genotype on welfare, immune function, performance and meat characteristics of growing rabbits

Differential Effect on Two Immobility Responses by Chronic Administration of 1,3-di-o-Tolyl-Guanidine (Sigma Receptor Agonist) in Rats with Neonatal Ventral Hippocampal Lesion

Effect of noxious stimulation upon antipredator responses and dominance status in rainbow trout

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