Immature Circulating Lymphocytes In Severely Malnourished Guatemalan Children

Keusch, Gerald T.; Cruz, J. R.; Torún, Benjamín; Urrutia, Juan J.; Smith, Harry; Goldstein, Allan L.

doi:10.1097/00005176-198703000-00018

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…This suggests that in severely malnourished children with common intercurrent infections thymulin acts in the same way as in healthy children. Finally, our observations concur with previous reports by Jackson and Zaman (19) and Olusi et al (20) and more recently by Keusch et al (6), who showed the beneficial effects of thy-mopoietin and thymosin fraction 5 on in vitro differentiation of E rosette-forming cells from severely malnourished children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Although each compartment of the immune system may be affected, numerous reports underline that cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is the most seriously affected. In vivo the main disorders are delayed-cutaneous-hypersensitivity test responses, de3 pressed responses to T-specific mitogens, and modifications i' n circulating T lymphocyte populations (3)(4)(5)(6). Given the importance of the thymus in the maturation and functional differentiation of T lymphocytes (7) and its role as the key organ of immunity (8), it is likely that the marked atrophy of the thymus encountered in severe PEM (9)(10)(11)(12) causes the CMI defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite evidence of maturation and differentiation disorders of peripheral T lymphocytes (4)(5)(6), rare histological studies 274 prove a direct thymic epithelium dysfunction in PEM ( I I, 14). Mittal et al (15.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro lymphocyte-differentiating effects of thymulin (Zn-FTS) on lymphocyte subpopulations of severely malnourished children

Parent¹,

Chevalier²,

Zalles³

et al. 1994

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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This work investigates how thymic dysfunction contributes to the depression of cell-mediated immunity in protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). In Bolivian children hospitalized for severe PEM, the size of the thymus was measured by echography, and the lymphocyte subpopulations were detected by using monoclonal antibodies. These data were compared with those obtained from healthy control subjects. Regardless of the clinical form of PEM, our results show a high degree of T lymphocyte immaturity in severely malnourished children, which correlates with a severe involution of the thymus. Before in vitro incubation with thymulin, this significant increase in the percentage of circulating immature T lymphocytes was concomitant with a decrease in mature T lymphocytes and a slight increase in cytotoxic T subpopulations. After in vitro incubation with thymulin, immature T lymphocytes decreased and mature T lymphocytes increased.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In vitro lymphocyte-differentiating effects of thymulin (Zn-FTS) on lymphocyte subpopulations of severely malnourished children

Parent¹,

Chevalier²,

Zalles³

et al. 1994

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…Keusch et al [56] reported that, in malnourished children, there was a significant decrease in T-cell function and an increase in null cells that apparently failed to further differentiate. The structure and function of the thymus were damaged, and T-cell memory response to antigens was reduced [57].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Status Driving Infection byTrypanosoma cruzi: Lessons from Experimental Animals

Malafaia

Talvani

2011

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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This paper reviews the scientific knowledge about protein-energy and micronutrient malnutrition in the context of Chagas disease, especially in experimental models. The search of articles was conducted using the electronic databases of SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PubMed and MEDLINE published between 1960 and March 2010. It was possible to verify that nutritional deficiencies (protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient malnutrition) exert a direct effect on the infection by T. cruzi. However, little is known about the immunological mechanisms involved in the relationship “nutritional deficiencies and infection by T. cruzi”. A hundred years after the discovery of Chagas disease many aspects of this illness still require clarification, including the effects of nutritional deficiencies on immune and pathological mechanisms of T. cruzi infection.

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“…anthropometrics. It has recently been suggested that these new immune function biochemical measures will complement, if not replace, anthropometric measures of early GD given the sensitivity of thymic development and immune function, especially thymosins, to early GD (Keusch et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is poor early growth related to adult immune aging? A follow‐up study

Clark

Aldwin

Hall

et al. 1989

American J Hum Biol

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Thymosin alpha 1 (TSN-a,) is produced by the thymus gland, regulates immune function, and measures thymic involution. Poor early growth permanently stunts size and function in features ceasing growth early, such as vertebral neural canals (VNCs) and the thymus gland (resulting in decreased TSN-a,). The purpose of this study was to follow-up prior research (Clark et al.:Hum. Biol. 60:435451, 1988) demonstrating that healthy adults (n = 16) with lower levels of TSN-a, had significantly smaller VNCs and greater sitting height. If true, these relationships should still exist later in time. Consequently, TSN-a, was remeasured in 13 of the original men 2.5 years later. Bivariate analyses showed that lower TSN-a, serum levels still tended to correlate with smaller VNCs (r = 52; P = .065). These results were similar to the original study (VNCs r = .47; P < .05). In a stepwise regression, age, weight, height, sitting height, fasting cortisol, and VNC were used to predict fasting TSN-a,. As in the first study, only sitting height and VNC entered the equation. Together, they explained 57% of the variation (P = .Ol), markedly similar to the 54% (P < .05) explained by the first study. Thus, even though this was a small sample, this stability over time strengthens the hypothesis that poor early growth permanently lowers TSN-a,. Nonetheless, these studies are pilot studies and should still be viewed with caution.

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Immature Circulating Lymphocytes In Severely Malnourished Guatemalan Children

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

In vitro lymphocyte-differentiating effects of thymulin (Zn-FTS) on lymphocyte subpopulations of severely malnourished children

In vitro lymphocyte-differentiating effects of thymulin (Zn-FTS) on lymphocyte subpopulations of severely malnourished children

Nutritional Status Driving Infection byTrypanosoma cruzi: Lessons from Experimental Animals

Is poor early growth related to adult immune aging? A follow‐up study

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