Imidacloprid exposure is detectable in over one third of wild bird samples from diverse Texas ecoregions

The neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, disrupt the chicken sperm quality through calcium efflux

“…Birds may come into contact with neonicotinoids through treated seeds, soil, water, and insects. Experimental exposure to neonicotinoids can result in various adverse effects, including increased mortality and disturbances in immune, reproductive, and migration processes ( Anderson et al 2023 ). In the case of roosters, the adverse effects of fungicides on fertility and seminal parameters have been confirmed ( Serra et al, 2023 ).…”

Resveratrol alleviates imidacloprid‐induced mitochondrial apoptosis, necroptosis, and immune dysfunction in chicken lymphocyte lines by inhibiting the ROS/MAPK signaling pathway

“…52,53 Birds have the potential to encounter IMI through multiple means, including seeds, soil, water, and insects, and IMI can cause oxidative stress in their organisms. 54,55 RSV has been shown to provide protection against apoptosis and necroptosis caused by exogenous stimuli. 56 This research intended to determine the mechanisms of IMI exposureinduced damage to chicken lymphocyte lines and the potential treatment role of RSV.…”

“…Excessive applications of IMI can cause severe contamination of water and soil in the environment, 50,51 damage the immune system of nontarget organisms, and cause apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction 52,53 . Birds have the potential to encounter IMI through multiple means, including seeds, soil, water, and insects, and IMI can cause oxidative stress in their organisms 54,55 . RSV has been shown to provide protection against apoptosis and necroptosis caused by exogenous stimuli 56 .…”

Review of Conservation Challenges and Possible Solutions for Grassland Birds of the North American Great Plains

“…It is not currently known to what extent grassland bird species may differ in their risk of exposure to neonicotinoids based on geography and life-history traits. A recent study conducted across multiple ecosystems and species groups in Texas found that 36% of wild birds sampled in nonagricultural areas showed evidence of neonicotinoid exposure and further that exposure was not well explained by foraging guild-suggesting that exposure is widespread ( Anderson et al 2023 ). There is evidence that exposure to neonicotinoids in prairie grouse and quail species is common ( Sabin and Mora 2022 ;Roy and Chen 2023 ), but it remains unknown to what extent many other grassland bird species may consume contaminated seeds and plant material, water, and insects.…”