Imaging strategies for monitoring the immune response

Liu, Xiaohan; Pan, Limeng; Wang, Kaiye; Pan, Wei; Li, Na; Tang, Bo

doi:10.1039/d2sc03446h

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…17 In particular, FLI based on small-molecule probes has been the most important approach for in vivo real-time immune imaging, owing to its high spatiotemporal resolution, being a noninvasive detection method, low cost, and minimally toxic. 18,19 In addition, small-molecule probes can also be easily designed to be always-on, turn-on, turn-off and other different types of probe by regulating the fluorescent molecular structure to meet the evaluation needs of different immune processes. 20,21 Therefore, a large number of smallmolecule fluorescent probes with distinct photophysical properties have been developed to date for in vivo study of the immune system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic fluorophore-based fluorescent probes for abnormal immune response diagnosis and treatment evaluation

Zuo,

Li,

Ren

et al. 2024

Sens. Diagn.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic fluorophore-based fluorescent probes for abnormal immune response diagnosis and treatment evaluation

Zuo,

Li,

Ren

et al. 2024

Sens. Diagn.

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“…Therefore, as an important biomarker of the immune response, many GzmB‐responsive probes have been developed to evaluate the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy and the extent of other inflammatory responses, providing reliable support for later treatment (Scott et al, 2021; Scott et al, 2022; Zhao et al, 2021). The GzmB peptide substrate is often coupled with fluorescent dyes or contrast agents, allowing this activatable imaging probe to selectively detect enzyme function with low false positives and a high signal‐to‐noise ratio (X. Liu, Pan, et al, 2022). This review summarizes the application of different designs of GzmB‐responsive imaging probes in the detection of cancer immunotherapy and overreactive immune responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GzmB peptide substrate is often coupled with fluorescent dyes or contrast agents, allowing this activatable imaging probe to selectively detect enzyme function with low false positives and a high signal-to-noise ratio (X. Liu, Pan, et al, 2022). This review summarizes the application of different designs of GzmB-responsive imaging probes in the detection of cancer immunotherapy and overreactive immune responses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging and monitoring of granzyme B in the immune response

Li,

Chen,

et al. 2023

WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol

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Significant progress has been made in tumor immunotherapy that uses the human immune response to kill and remove tumor cells. However, overreactive immune response could lead to various autoimmune diseases and acute rejection. Accurate and specific monitoring of immune responses in these processes could help select appropriate therapies and regimens for the patient and could reduce the risk of side effects. Granzyme B (GzmB) is an ideal biomarker for immune response, and its peptide substrate could be coupled with fluorescent dyes or contrast agents for the synthesis of imaging probes activated by GzmB. These small molecules and nanoprobes based on PET, bioluminescence imaging, or fluorescence imaging have proved to be highly GzmB specific and accuracy. This review summarizes the design of different GzmB‐responsive imaging probes and their applications in monitoring of tumor immunotherapy and overreactive immune response.This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging

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Smart One‐for‐All Agent with Adaptive Functions for Improving Photoacoustic /Fluorescence Imaging‐Guided Photodynamic Immunotherapy

Hong

Zhang

et al. 2023

Small Methods

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Multifunctional phototheranostics that integrate several diagnostic and therapeutic strategies into one platform hold great promise for precision medicine. However, it is really difficult for one molecule to possess multimodality optical imaging and therapy properties that all functions are in the optimized mode because the absorbed photoenergy is fixed. Herein, a smart one‐for‐all nanoagent that the photophysical energy transformation processes can be facilely tuned by external light stimuli is developed for precise multifunctional image‐guided therapy. A dithienylethene‐based molecule is designed and synthesized because it has two light‐switchable forms. In the ring‐closed form, most of the absorbed energy dissipates via nonradiative thermal deactivation for photoacoustic (PA) imaging. In the ring‐open form, the molecule possesses obvious aggregation‐induced emission features with excellent fluorescence and photodynamic therapy properties. In vivo experiments demonstrate that preoperative PA and fluorescence imaging help to delineate tumors in a high‐contrast manner, and intraoperative fluorescence imaging is able to sensitively detect tiny residual tumors. Furthermore, the nanoagent can induce immunogenic cell death to elicit antitumor immunity and significantly suppress solid tumors. This work develops a smart one‐for‐all agent that the photophysical energy transformation and related phototheranostic properties can be optimized by light‐driven structure switch, which is promising for multifunctional biomedical applications.

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Imaging strategies for monitoring the immune response

Abstract: Real-time monitoring of the immune response can be used to evaluate the immune state of the body and to distinguish immune responders and non-responders, so as to better guide immunotherapy....

Cited by 4 publications

References 124 publications

Organic fluorophore-based fluorescent probes for abnormal immune response diagnosis and treatment evaluation

Organic fluorophore-based fluorescent probes for abnormal immune response diagnosis and treatment evaluation

Imaging and monitoring of granzyme B in the immune response

Smart One‐for‐All Agent with Adaptive Functions for Improving Photoacoustic /Fluorescence Imaging‐Guided Photodynamic Immunotherapy

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