Imaging in DRY AMD

Normando, Eduardo; Tilley, Mark; Guo, Li; Cordeiro, M. Francesca

doi:10.1016/j.ddstr.2013.02.001

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This revealed an important pathogenic crossover between these two conditions, with possible future clinical implications for the spectrum of age-related neurodegeneration. Finally, DARC has demonstrated imaging of both inner and outer nuclear layer cell death in vivo [ 110 ], which also may permit the identification of photoreceptor apoptosis in dry age-related macular degeneration [ 113 ].…”

Section: Imaging Retinal Ganglion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Imaging of Retinal Ganglion Cell Apoptosis

Yap

Donna

Almonte

et al. 2018

Cells

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Monitoring real-time apoptosis in-vivo is an unmet need of neurodegeneration science, both in clinical and research settings. For patients, earlier diagnosis before the onset of symptoms provides a window of time in which to instigate treatment. For researchers, being able to objectively monitor the rates of underlying degenerative processes at a cellular level provides a biomarker with which to test novel therapeutics. The DARC (Detection of Apoptosing Retinal Cells) project has developed a minimally invasive method using fluorescent annexin A5 to detect rates of apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells, the key pathological process in glaucoma. Numerous animal studies have used DARC to show efficacy of novel, pressure-independent treatment strategies in models of glaucoma and other conditions where retinal apoptosis is reported, including Alzheimer’s disease. This may forge exciting new links in the clinical science of treating both cognitive and visual decline. Human trials are now underway, successfully demonstrating the safety and efficacy of the technique to differentiate patients with progressive neurodegeneration from healthy individuals. We review the current perspectives on retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, the way in which this can be imaged, and the exciting advantages that these future methods hold in store.

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Section: Imaging Retinal Ganglion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Imaging of Retinal Ganglion Cell Apoptosis

Yap

Donna

Almonte

et al. 2018

Cells

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“…Phase II of the DARC project is currently investigating the efficacy of DARC in visualizing apoptosing retinal cells in patients with optic neuritis, age-related macular degeneration [ 128 ] as well as in Down’s syndrome subjects as a model of Alzheimer’s disease [ 99 , 100 ], glaucoma patients and age-matched healthy volunteers. This project is aiming to analyze 120 subjects in total by acquiring a single DARC image following an intravenous injection of the 0.4 mg dose of ANX776, which is the dose that was found to produce the greatest difference in DARC count between the progressing glaucoma patients and healthy subjects in phase I.…”

Section: Annexin 5 As a Marker Of Apoptosis In The Human Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Annexins in Glaucoma

Yap

Davis²,

Guo³

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible visual loss, which has been estimated to affect 3.5% of those over 40 years old and projected to affect a total of 112 million people by 2040. Such a dramatic increase in affected patients demonstrates the need for continual improvement in the way we diagnose and treat this condition. Annexin A5 is a 36 kDa protein that is ubiquitously expressed in humans and is studied as an indicator of apoptosis in several fields. This molecule has a high calcium-dependent affinity for phosphatidylserine, a cell membrane phospholipid externalized to the outer cell membrane in early apoptosis. The DARC (Detection of Apoptosing Retinal Cells) project uses fluorescently-labelled annexin A5 to assess glaucomatous degeneration, the inherent process of which is the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells. Furthermore, this project has conducted investigation of the retinal apoptosis in the neurodegenerative conditions of the eye and brain. In this present study, we summarized the use of annexin A5 as a marker of apoptosis in the eye. We also relayed the progress of the DARC project, developing real-time imaging of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in vivo from the experimental models of disease and identifying mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and its treatments, which has been applied to the first human clinical trials. DARC has potential as a biomarker in neurodegeneration, especially in the research of novel treatments, and could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma.

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“…1b) [1]. It is one of the leading causes of central vision loss [2] in people aged over 50 years [3]. AMD is characterized by drusen, retinal pigmentation, CNV and atrophy of photoreceptors [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1b) [1,11]. Almost 90% of the vision loss is caused due to dry AMD [2]. There is no specific treatment method that may reduce the progression of late AMD [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%