Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
 1994
DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1994.02170010042008
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Imaging Evaluation of Artificial Nipples During Bottle Feeding

Arthur J. Nowak
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Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)
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“…Ultrasound studies indicate that all artificial nipples are less elastic than human n i p ples (Nowak, Smith, & Erenberg, 1994). Infants observed using the standard Ross, Evenflow, and Playtex nipples showed suck characteristics similar to those of infants observed during breast-feeding.…”
Section: Comparing Artijicial Nipples To Breast-feedingmentioning
confidence: 74%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…Ultrasound studies indicate that all artificial nipples are less elastic than human n i p ples (Nowak, Smith, & Erenberg, 1994). Infants observed using the standard Ross, Evenflow, and Playtex nipples showed suck characteristics similar to those of infants observed during breast-feeding.…”
Section: Comparing Artijicial Nipples To Breast-feedingmentioning
confidence: 74%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…Geddes et al (, p. 448) refer to the tongue action when breastfeeding as “ … piston‐like … ” creating suction and an “… up and down movement rather than peristaltic …”. The majority of the studies concluded that healthy term bottle‐feeding infants use similar tongue and jaw movements compared with breastfeeding infants when obtaining milk during a feed (Ardran et al, ; Geddes et al, ; Goldfield et al, ; Nowak et al, ; Weber et al, ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…Nowak et al [3] examined the difference between the cases when feeding was done by using an artificial nipple as well as directly from the breast. The results showed that feeding using an artificial nipple had the same sucking mechanism as direct breast feeding.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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